This document discusses using cobblestones as an alternative to asphalt for road construction. It aims to eliminate carbon fuels, ease maintenance, activate the local economy, generate employment, and reduce costs. The process involves quarrying stones, shaping them, transporting, and laying them in roads. Benefits include reducing temperatures, being environmentally friendly, improving vision, lowering maintenance costs, and using local materials. The methodology includes literature reviews and interviews to understand road maintenance challenges and improvements.

1. RECLAIMING OLD WITH NEW : ASPHALT CONCRETE WITH COBBLESTONE
TRANSFORMATION.
JOHN ADAMBA ENONDA DENNIS NJOROGE
PS13P4863 JULY 2015 PS13P4701
RESEARCH, INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AND A SECURE WORLD

2. OBJECTIVES
1.Eliminate the use of carbon fuel products in road construction.
2.Ease of maintenance and lifespan of roads
3.Activation of local economy as all resources are locally available
and produced. Does not depend on oil as asphalt.
4.Generation of employment for local population targeting the
disadvantaged groups for women and youths.
5.Reduction of government expenditure in road construction.
6.Creation of small enterprise (SMES) that will grow and diversify
for future and sustainable development helping increasing capacity
at grass root level.
7.Creation of a work culture particularly among the youths so as to
reduce and eliminate their involvement in crime and other
unscrupulous behavior's.

3. PREAMBLE
The project in its present form is the result of how to
transform the way road infrastructure is conceived and
constructed as a key part of the process of assisting the
community to respond to climate change and reduce
environmental pressure by adopting the use of cobblestone
technology in road engineering works towards the realization
of vision 2030 as a key part in governments millennium
development goal.

4. DESIGN / REQUIREMENTS
The process of using cobblestone involves a variety of different materials and
equipment's:
Hammer
Chisels
Dynamic compactor
Sand
Crushed stones (curbstone's)
Shovel
Rakes
Wheelbarrow
Transportation trucks
Spirit level
First aid box
Pocket ruler.

5. PROCEDURE
Stage 1
Production of cobblestones – Involves production of raw materials at quarry, delivery of
raw materials to chiseler's and chiseling of stones to required sizes.
Stage 2
Surveying of proposed road – Determining location ,level and grades as per the design.
Stage 3
Subgrade preparation – Involves cut and fill works to bring road to required level and
grade then constructing sub base based on design recommendation.
Stage 4
Bedding and cobblestone laying – Constructing bedding layer that comprises either
crushed stones or sand and then putting cobblestones and bedding layer.
Stage 5
Finishing works – Filling spaces between cobblestone with crushed stones or sand
,completing minor finishing works , compacting and clearing the area.

6. METHODOLOGY
Extraction from
quarry as large
boulders
Shaping of
cobblestones to
required sizes
Transportation
of cobblestones
Paving of roads
Finishing by filling
spaces between
cobblestones
Fig 1.1 Diagram showing stages involved in
cobblestone extraction

7. APPLICATION
 Repairing potholes in asphalt roads
 Paving of trunk roads and cities
 Paving roads within institutions ,schools and
homes
 Used as concrete blocks in construction of
houses.

8. IMPORTANCE OF COBBLESTONES
 Reduces increased temperature thus the demand for air
conditioning theoretically decreases hence saving energy.
 Its environmental friendly
 Improves night time vision
 Reduction in cost of maintenance thus saving on taxpayers
money.
 cobblestone does not require foreign currency, and the raw
materials are found in and around the city.
 reduced the dust that caused different diseases
 rainwater, which caused erosion before, can easily go down
through the joints of the cobblestones and enriches the amount of
ground water

9. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The method chosen for the master thesis is firstly literature
studies both on internet and searching in books in order to
create a theoretical platform for the future interviews in this
report. Moreover, in order to obtain an impression from the
construction industry, semi structured interviews were
conducted which enables the interviewees to answer the
questions without restraints. Towards understanding the
difficulties in road maintenance and reaching for
improvements in the area.

10. REFERENCE
1. The cement sustainability initiative ,world business council for
sustainable development published 1 June 2002.
2. Sustainable roadway construction, energy consumption and
material waste generation of roadways ‘American society of civil
Engineers reston VA proceeding of 2005’.
3. Kenya property institute.
4. Internet.
5. Engineering journals.
6. Karim, Hawzheen (2011). Road Design for Future Maintenance-
Life-cycle Cost Analyses for Road Barriers. PhD thesis, Royal
Institute of Technology, Stockholm