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Disruptive innovation
Why big companies aren’t always
capable of seizing the moment
Can one company manufacture both of these
products?
Cable operated excavators was dominant during
many years up until the 50ies
During the 50ies the first hydraulic operated
excavators entered the market
Only four dominant players in the cable operated
               business still exists today…

…while all current dominating companies were entrants to the business in the 50ies!
Why is that?


23 november 2011                  Sida 7
The logic was that ”The bigger the bucket, the
                               better the excavator!”
                      Bucket size
Product performance




                                               Time
The new kind of excavator did not fit the current
                market place very well!


                                                   Less suitable for
        Small bucket                               heavy duty work



                               Smaller body

                                                                 Relatively robust
         Relatively weak

                                  More manouverable



…But that does not mean that it was sub par, just that it was different from status quo!
The market for the different types of companies
                   was essentially very different

     Market for cable operated                     Market for hydraulic
•   Big building sites                    •   Small building sites
•   Earthmoving                           •   Garden work
•   Mining                                •   Ditching and och drainage
•   Road work                             •   Private users
•   ….                                    •   …




    Characteristics of business               Characteristics of business

• Bulk sales                              •   Sales of individual machines
• Whole sales towards big end users       •   Retail sales
• Big customers preferred with            •   Rental based
     • Big volumes and big margins        •   Small customers with
• Economies of scale                             • Low volumes and low margins


       Why on earth would you ever wanna go into the hydraulic market?
Because market characteristics are not static and
                                    neither is the performance disruptive technology!
                      Bucket size
                                                                    Hydraulic excavators   Cable operated excavators




                                                                                            Need for ”high-end” users


                                                                                            Need for mainstream users
Product performance




                                                                                            Need for locala contractors


                                                                                            Need for private persons




                                      Hydraulic excavators



                                                             Time
Why didn’t the incumbent companies manage to
                                  transition into the new technology?
                      By using the RPV framework do describe why companies act in a specific way we can understand this better
Impact on decisions




                                                                                                              Values
and capabilties




                                                                         Processes




                                     Resources



                                                                                                           Difficulty to change
Values define the common sense for investment
      decisions within a company

There are two main parameters that a company
     consider before making an investment


                   Gross Margins



                   Growth volume
Values define the common sense for investment
                decisions within a company
                There are two main parameters that a company
                    consider before making an investment

                                   Gross Margins

      Incumbent technology



                  Incumbent
                   overhead
  Incumbent          costs
gross margins



                              Net margins
There are two main parameters that a company
    consider before making an investment

                Gross Margins

                                            Disruptive technology




                                               Disruptive
                                               overhead
                              Disruptive         costs
                            gross margins
                                                            Net margins
There are two main parameters that a company
                consider before making an investment

                                     Gross Margins


  Combining disruptive technology gross margins with incumbency
      overhead costs creates a net loss rather than a profit



                         Incumbent             Disruptive
                          overhead           gross margins
                            costs

                                               Net loss




When considering disruptive technologies incumbent companies will not see the benefits
Values define the common sense for
       investment decisions within a company
       There are two main parameters that a company
           consider before making an investment

                           Growth volume

Disruptive technologies can’t fulfill the growth need for a big company

                       Demanded
                        revenue
                         growth




         Incumbent
           current
           revenue

                                                Disruptive revenue
                                                   possibilities
                                                                       Disruptive
                                                                     current revenue
Incumbent companies do not have
  the values to invest in disruptive
technologies due to the very reason
    that makes them succesful!
Some Swedish disruptors


•   SKF              Förlänger livstiden 2000 ggr!
•   IKEA             Skär bort något som ansågs nödvändigt
•   HM               Prefabricerar istället för individuellt
•   Claes Ohlson     Någon som sett några järnhandlare nyligen!
•   Skype            Prata gratis!
•   The Pirate Bay   Skall vi byta grejer med varandra?
Examples of possible disruptive innovations


  Incumbent technology         Disruptive technology    Affected industry




                                                        Software sector




Installed office software   Online cloud applications
Examples of possible disruptive innovations


  Incumbent technology            Disruptive technology         Affected industry




                                                                Telco sector




Proprietary operator centric   Open source user centric telco
telco model                    model
Examples of possible disruptive innovations


  Incumbent technology             Disruptive technology          Affected industry



            Fredrik


       Kansli
                                                                  Public sector
Sjukvård        Skola   Polis




Department centric public       Citizen centric public services
services

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Disruptive innovation - easy peasy explained

  • 1.
  • 2. Disruptive innovation Why big companies aren’t always capable of seizing the moment
  • 3. Can one company manufacture both of these products?
  • 4. Cable operated excavators was dominant during many years up until the 50ies
  • 5. During the 50ies the first hydraulic operated excavators entered the market
  • 6. Only four dominant players in the cable operated business still exists today… …while all current dominating companies were entrants to the business in the 50ies!
  • 7. Why is that? 23 november 2011 Sida 7
  • 8. The logic was that ”The bigger the bucket, the better the excavator!” Bucket size Product performance Time
  • 9. The new kind of excavator did not fit the current market place very well! Less suitable for Small bucket heavy duty work Smaller body Relatively robust Relatively weak More manouverable …But that does not mean that it was sub par, just that it was different from status quo!
  • 10. The market for the different types of companies was essentially very different Market for cable operated Market for hydraulic • Big building sites • Small building sites • Earthmoving • Garden work • Mining • Ditching and och drainage • Road work • Private users • …. • … Characteristics of business Characteristics of business • Bulk sales • Sales of individual machines • Whole sales towards big end users • Retail sales • Big customers preferred with • Rental based • Big volumes and big margins • Small customers with • Economies of scale • Low volumes and low margins Why on earth would you ever wanna go into the hydraulic market?
  • 11. Because market characteristics are not static and neither is the performance disruptive technology! Bucket size Hydraulic excavators Cable operated excavators Need for ”high-end” users Need for mainstream users Product performance Need for locala contractors Need for private persons Hydraulic excavators Time
  • 12. Why didn’t the incumbent companies manage to transition into the new technology? By using the RPV framework do describe why companies act in a specific way we can understand this better Impact on decisions Values and capabilties Processes Resources Difficulty to change
  • 13. Values define the common sense for investment decisions within a company There are two main parameters that a company consider before making an investment Gross Margins Growth volume
  • 14. Values define the common sense for investment decisions within a company There are two main parameters that a company consider before making an investment Gross Margins Incumbent technology Incumbent overhead Incumbent costs gross margins Net margins
  • 15. There are two main parameters that a company consider before making an investment Gross Margins Disruptive technology Disruptive overhead Disruptive costs gross margins Net margins
  • 16. There are two main parameters that a company consider before making an investment Gross Margins Combining disruptive technology gross margins with incumbency overhead costs creates a net loss rather than a profit Incumbent Disruptive overhead gross margins costs Net loss When considering disruptive technologies incumbent companies will not see the benefits
  • 17. Values define the common sense for investment decisions within a company There are two main parameters that a company consider before making an investment Growth volume Disruptive technologies can’t fulfill the growth need for a big company Demanded revenue growth Incumbent current revenue Disruptive revenue possibilities Disruptive current revenue
  • 18. Incumbent companies do not have the values to invest in disruptive technologies due to the very reason that makes them succesful!
  • 19. Some Swedish disruptors • SKF Förlänger livstiden 2000 ggr! • IKEA Skär bort något som ansågs nödvändigt • HM Prefabricerar istället för individuellt • Claes Ohlson Någon som sett några järnhandlare nyligen! • Skype Prata gratis! • The Pirate Bay Skall vi byta grejer med varandra?
  • 20. Examples of possible disruptive innovations Incumbent technology Disruptive technology Affected industry Software sector Installed office software Online cloud applications
  • 21. Examples of possible disruptive innovations Incumbent technology Disruptive technology Affected industry Telco sector Proprietary operator centric Open source user centric telco telco model model
  • 22. Examples of possible disruptive innovations Incumbent technology Disruptive technology Affected industry Fredrik Kansli Public sector Sjukvård Skola Polis Department centric public Citizen centric public services services

Editor's Notes

  1. The resources that reside within a given organisation. Could be people or any other type of resources. Could rather easily change to manufacture and sell new type of technologyHow resources interact in order to perform the activities needed to add value. Not as easy to change as resources. Processes in place to sell new technology probably not in placeValues define the common sense in investment decisions within a company, i.e. what is worth doing and not. Values define what a company can do but more importantly, what it can not do
  2. The growth problem: The bigger the company, the bigger NEW revenuestream must be addedeveryyear to ensure the demandedgrowth from shareholders. This leads to lowacceptance for investements with lowprojectedvolumes