This is astronomy that our teacher discuss..

1. LIFE ON EARTH AND
LIFE BEYONDroy b. basa, Phd
mentor, usls

2. Earth is the only place in the universe where we
know for certain that life exist.
We are a combination of chemical elements
produced inside the fiery cores of massive stars.
The same element that contribute to Earths rocky
continents its atmosphere and its oceans.
 Earth can find living organisms from the poles to
the equator, from the bottom of the sea to
several miles in the air, from freezing waters to
dry valleys to undersea thermal vents to
groundwater thousands of feet below the Earth's
surface

3. THE ARROW OF TIME

4. Some highlights of cosmic history are
noted along this arrow of time from the
beginning of the universe to the present.
Noted along the top of the major phases
of cosmic evolution.

5. The Seven Major Phases in the
History of Universe
GALACTIC
STELLAR
PLANETARY
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CULTURAL
FUTURE
EVOLUTION

6.  The study of change the vast
number of developmental and
generative changes that have
accumulated during all time
and across all space, from big
bang to humankind.
 The Universe of stars, planets,
subatomic particles etc as
explained thru conventional
physics and astrophysics
COSMIC EVOLUTION

7. CLUSTERS GALAXIES
• The largest known
structures in the
universe, consisting of
hundreds of galaxies
bound by gravity.
• Galaxy clusters attract
each other to produce
superclusters of tens to
hundreds of clusters

8. Hierarchy Material Structures in
Universe
1. the evolution of primal energy into elementary
particles and atoms
2. the evolution of those atoms into galaxies and stars
3. the evolution of stars into heavy elements
4. the evolution of those elements into the molecular
building blocks of life
5. the evolution of those molecules into life itself
6. the evolution of advanced life forms into intelligence
7. the evolution of intelligent life into a cultured and
technological civilization

9. SPIRAL GALAXY

10.  Spiral galaxy contains hundreds of billions of
individual stars held together in a swarm by the
pull of gravity.
Spiral galaxies consist of a flat, rotating disk
containing stars, gas and dust, and a central
concentration of stars known as the bulge.
The spiral has a complex structure, with an inner
ring-like set of tightly wound arms surrounded by
outer arms that may be split into branches. It has
prominent blue star-forming regions in the spiral
arms.
SPIRAL GALAXY

11. SWIRLING INTERSTELLAR
They fertilize the interstellar medium with
heavy element which form later generations
of stars,planets,and life.
Swirling interstellar cloud forming a central
star and planetary system.
The large ball of interstellar gas and dust that
would form our sun constructed and became
flattened by rotation.

12. SWIRLING INTERSTELLAR

13. EMISSION NEBULAE
 Emission nebulae are
clouds of high
temperature gas. The
atoms in the cloud are
energized by ultraviolet
light from a nearby star
and emit radiation as they
fall back into lower
energy states
 Patches of gas in deep
space.
 A cloud of ionized gas
emitting light of various
colors.

14. Supernova Explosion
 Supernovae are
extremely luminous and
cause a burst of
radiation that often
briefly outshines an
entire galaxy, before
fading from view over
several weeks or
months.

15. INTERSTELLAR
• the interstellar medium (or
ISM) is the matter that
exists in the space between
the star systems in a galaxy
• The interstellar medium is
composed of multiple
phases, distinguished by
whether matter is ionic,
atomic, or molecular, and
the temperature and
density of the matter.

16. CHEMICAL EVOLUTION
 The notion that complex molecules could have evolved naturally
from simpler ingredient found on the primitive Earth.
 The first experimental verification of the theory was provided in
1953 by University of Chicago scientists Harold Urey and Stanley
Miller
 Nucleosynthesis, the creation of chemical elements in the universe
either through the Big Bang, or supernovae
 Abiogenesis , the transition from nonliving elements to living
systems
 Molecular evolution evolution at the scale of molecules
 Gas evolution reaction, the process of a gas bubbling out
(or evolving) from a solution
 Oxygen evolution, the process of generating molecular oxygen
through chemical reaction

17. CHEMICAL EVOLUTION
Chemical Apparatus is
designed to synthesize
complex biochemical
molecules by
energetically
irradiating a mixture of
simple chemical.

18. BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
 The fossil record also contains abundant evidence that
many species did not adapt successfully to changing
environments and so perished
 Biological evolution takes place at the genetic level (the
level of DNA molecules). It is the DNA in our cells that
direct our bodies how to grow and develop. They are
the instruction manuals for our body.
 Biological evolution is a change in the genetic
characteristics of a population over time. That this
happens is a fact. Biological evolution also refers to the
common descent of living organisms from shared
ancestors

19. Cultural evolution
 The emergence of life and its proliferation into many
different species.
 Changing environment caused some of the species that
had claimed the land to evolve insect-eating, tree-
dwelling creatures by 75 million years ago
 Anthropology was developed in the 19th century, and
it was an outgrowth of Darwinian evolution. Cultural
evolution presumes that over time, cultural change
such as the rise of social inequalities or emergence of
agriculture occurs as a result of humans adapting to
some noncultural stimulus, such as climate change or
population growth.

20. Cultural Evolution

21. MURCHISON METEORITE
 It contains relatively large
amount of organic
material, indicating that
chemical evolution of
some sort has occurred
beyond our own planet.
 a bright fireball was
observed to separate into
three fragments before
disappearing.
 Leaving a cloud of smoke.
About 30 seconds later, a
tremor was heard.

22. ALTERNATIVE BIOCHEMISTRIES
The environment in the solar system besides
Earth is particularly well suited for sustaining life.
Space Craft that have landed on other solar
system bodies or have flown by them have
detected no evidence for extraterrestrial life.
Scientists generally believe that life on earth
originated in the ocean. A liquid medium better
promotes the linking of atoms into life’s complex
molecules

23. • This is a replica of a plaque
mounted onboard the Pioneer
10 spacecraft. Key features of the
plaque include: a scale drawing of
the spacecraft itself, as well as a
man and a woman (right center);
a schematic diagram of a
hydrogen atom undergoing a
change in energy (top left); a
starburst pattern representing
various pulsars and the
frequencies of their radio waves
usable to estimate when the craft
was launched (middle left); and a
depiction of the Solar System,
showing that the spacecraft left
the third planet from the Sun and
passed the fifth planet on its way
into outer space (bottom). All the
drawings have computer (binary)
coded markings from which
actual sizes, distances, and times
can be derived. (Carl Sagan)

24. RADIO COMMUNICATION
 A third technique is much cheaper than either of the two methods
noted above and has many advantages. This method is designed to
make contact with extraterrestrials using only electromagnetic
radiation, in particular it doesn’t utilize any kind of hardware
traveling through space. The technique is economically feasible, can
be undertaken with existing equipment, and doesn’t reveal our
presence should some extraterrestrials be hostile.
 Radio radiation now leaks from Earth into space because of the
daily activities of our technological civilization. (a) FM radio and
non-cable television transmitters broadcast their energy parallel to
Earth’s surface, so they send a great “sheet” of electromagnetic
radiation into interstellar space, producing the strongest signal in
any given direction when they happen to lie on Earth’s horizon. (b)
Because the great majority of transmitters are clustered in the
eastern United States and western Europe, a distant observer
would detect blasts of radiation from Earth as our planet rotates
each day

25. WATER HOLE
 The electromagnetic
spectrum, as viewed from
Earth, is a noisy place. Low
frequencies are plagued by
galactic noise, primarily due
to synchrotron radiation
 High frequencies are
subject to quantum-effect
emissions, and the whole
continuum experiences a 3
Kelvin background radiation
level from the residual
radiation of the Big Bang
 Natural radiation sources
limit our ability to detect
artificial emissions.

26. TERESTIAL MICROWAVE WINDOW
The water hole is
bounded by the natural
emission frequency of
hydrogen(H)atom(21-
cm wavelength)and the
hydroxyl(OH)molecules(
18-cm wavelength).The
top most solid curve
sums the natural
emission for our galaxy.

27. RADIO-TELESCOPE
 A form of directional
radio antenna used
in radio astronomy.
 A types of antennas are
also used in tracking
and collecting data
from satellites and
space probes.