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LASS
開源公益環境感測網路
LASS在測什麼?
LASS
開源公益環境感測網路
是一個社群,以開源公益非營利的形式,設計與
實現環境感測系統,藉由網路鄉民大家合力,以
公民科學的型態,進行環境感測等相關的活動,
希望能對周圍的環境,給出具體的幫助
[1]
地球的空氣有點糟
• 據估算,每年約有700萬人死於各種空氣污染。[2]
• 肺癌早在二○○一年,躍居台灣癌症死亡榜之首,並稱霸
至今。[3]
• 世界衛生組織(WHO)發佈報告指出,長時間暴露於空氣
中的細懸浮微粒(PM),會引發不良生育結果、兒童呼吸道
疾病、動脈粥樣硬化等問題。[4]
PM2.5是什麼?
[5]
PM2.5是什麼?
[6]
政府提供的資料
一般空氣品質監測站:共60站
設置於人口密集、可能發生高污染或能反映較大區域空氣品質分布狀狀況之地區,以
表示一般民眾生活環境之空氣品質。例例如在縣(市)行政區之測站,用以決定該行政
區人口曝露的代表性污染物濃度。
工業空氣品質監測站:共5站(頭份、線西、麥寮、臺西、前鎮)
設置於工業區之盛行風下風區,以了解工業污染之影響。測站應位於預期有高濃度
出現且人口密集之地區。若顯著排放源之高度較低時,測站應佈設於緊鄰此區域下
風邊緣,若屬高煙囪排放則設站於此區域下風數公里處。
交通空氣品質監測站:共6站(鳳山、三重、中壢、永和、復興、大同)
設置於交通流量頻繁之地區,以反應行人曝露狀狀態之空氣品質。所收集的監測數據
將用以評估機動車車輛管制之成效及評估行人曝露於車輛廢氣污染狀態的程度。
國家公園空氣品質監測站:共2站 (恆春、陽明) (恆春兼一般測站)
設置於國家公園內之適當地點,以了解此保護區內空氣品質現況及未來變化趨勢。
測站在公園內的設置位置應避開主要道路路、停車場或燃燒源等污染干擾。
背景空氣品質監測站:共5站 (萬里、觀音、三義、橋頭、富貴角)(萬里、三義兼一
般測站)
設置於較少人為污染地區或總量管制區之盛行風上風區,以監測其上風所挾帶之污
染量。其佈設點均特別避開鄰近污染源之影響,以反映大尺度之空氣品質狀態,研
判有無台灣以外地區長程傳輸而來的污染。
其他空氣品質監測站:埔里、關山及其他特殊監測目的所設之空氣品質監測站。
其他較為特殊空品監測站包括:移動式監測車、研究型監測站等。
https://taqm.epa.gov.tw/taqm/tw/default.aspx
為何要這套LASS系統呢?[7]
事實上,在物聯網的應用中,環境變化的即時監測是很重要
的一個領域,這包括空氣品質、大地防災(如土石流預警)、
公共建設監控(如橋樑)等,都對監控系統有很大的需求。
不過,這些系統大多是由官方或特定機構主導來設置的,一
般民眾並沒法得到這些資訊。相較之下,LASS就是希望從
Bottom up建置一套環境感測系統。
任何人都可以自己輕易地架設起來,再把所得資訊分享出去;
任何想知道某地環境狀況的人,都可以在地圖上看的到。
LASS的特色
• 開源──開放系統、程式碼、資料
• 感測器的成本低、性能實用和它的體積小
LASS上層架構示意圖
[7]
LASS感測設備端架構
[7]
感測器設備原型
• 所有感測器資料含GPS 地理資料
• WiFi 網路無法連線資料能繼續感測儲存,自動等待網路聯通
• 無網路連線狀態下,一般情況資料可以儲存ㄧ個月以上
• 架構上支援多感測器
• 結構化針對感測器客製化設計,盡可能降低加入新感測器的困難度
• 支援電池供電,支援太陽能充電,目前應可支援晴天下持續運作
• 支援省電模式,根據電池電量自動轉換省電模式
[7]
目前通行設備
[8]
g0v 零時空污觀測網
https://airmap.g0v.asper.tw/
Edimax空氣盒子入口網站
https://airbox.edimaxcloud.com/
PM2.5 微型測站 Voronoi Diagram
https://pm25.lass-net.org/GIS/voronoi/
測站資料儀表板網頁
https://pm25.lass-net.org/grafana/
我想加入!!
LASS 公益開源,核心本身不切入商業販售
Maker 套件由 ICShop 提供 :
商業產品由夥伴廠商EDIMAX 提供 :
訊舟 AI-1001W V2 AirBox 空氣盒子
品項 時間 說明
LASS Field Try 套件包 第一代 有 GPS, 開源,手機核心,
LiniItONE 平台,功能多,沒螢幕,有GPS
LASS4U 環境感測器
網路系統
第二代 有螢幕,有CO2, 使用貼心,閉源
Happy4U PM2.5空氣
檢測儀
第三代 開源,單價低,有螢幕
[9]
LASS資源整合
• PM2.5開放資料入口網:https://pm25.lass-net.org/
• g0v零時空污觀測網:https://airmap.g0v.asper.tw/
• Edimax空氣盒子入口網站:https://airbox.edimaxcloud.com/
• PM2.5微型測站上線狀狀況統計表:https://pm25.lass-net.org/AirBox/
• PM2.5微型測站資料儀表板網頁:https://pm25.lass-net.org/grafana/
• PM2.5微型測站 Voronoi Diagram (勢力分佈圖):https://pm25.lass-
net.org/GIS/voronoi/
• PM2.5微型測站 IDW 圖(濃度分佈圖): https://pm25.lass-net.org/GIS/IDW/
• 紫豹在哪裡(歷史資料視覺化呈現):http://purbao.lass-net.or/
• 單一微型測站(XXX)的儀表板網頁:https://pm25.lass-
net.org/data/show.php?device_id=XXX
• 不同微型測站(OOO和XXX)量測值的比較分析網頁:https://pm25.lass-
net.org/data/compare.php?device_1=OOO&device_2=XXX
• 單一微型測站(XXX)在兩個不同日期(YYY1-M1-D1和YYY2-M2-D2)的資
料比較:
• https://pm25.lass-net.org/data/compare-
date.php?device_id=XXX&date_1=YYY1-M1-D1&date_2=YYY2-M2-D2
API介接
• the latest samples of LASS devices
• update frequency: every 5 min
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-lass.json
• the latest samples of AirBox devices
• update frequency: every 5 min
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-airbox.json
• the latest samples of MAPS devices
• update frequency: every 5 min
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-maps.json
• the latest samples of ProbeCube devices
• update frequency: every 5 min
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-
probecube.json
• the latest samples of Indie devices
• update frequency: every 5 min
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-indie.json
• the latest samples of Webduino devices
• update frequency: every 5 min
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-
webduino.json
• the latest samples of TW-EPA stations
• update frequency: every hour
• https://data.lass-net.org/data/last-all-epa.json
• the latest sample of one particular device
• update frequency: upon request
• https://data.lass-
net.org/data/last.php?device_id=XXX
• the last 1-week samples of one particular
device
• update frequency: upon request
• https://data.lass-
net.org/data/history.php?device_id=XXX
• other options (can be used at the same time):
• format: CSV or JSON (default)
• https://data.lass-
net.org/data/history.php?device_id=XX
X&format=CSV
• date: in YYYY-MM-DD format
• https://data.lass-
net.org/data/history.php?device_id=XX
X&date=YYYY-MM-DD
• the latest sample of the nearest device
• update frequency: upon request
• http://nrl.iis.sinica.edu.tw/LASS/nearest.php
• the explanation about the field names used in
the open data
• https://lass.hackpad.com/LASS-Data-
specification-1dYpwINtH8R
LASS Data格式
• s_d1 : G3/G5 dust sensor
PM10
• s_d2: G3/G5 dust sensor PM1
• gps_alt: The altitude above
the sea level.
• s_h0: humidity DHT22 sensor
• s_b0: Grove Barometer
sensor (high accuracy)
• s_t0: temperature DHT22
sensor
本投影片網址
參考文獻來源
[1] 陳伶志 (2016). "LASS的下一步:從環境感測到環境教育 ". Retrieved 20, 12, 2017, from
http://scimonth.blogspot.tw/2016/07/lass_4.html.
[2] Mr Tarik Jasarevic, G. T., Nada Osseiran (2014). "7 million premature deaths annually linked
to air pollution." Retrieved 20, 12, 2017, from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/air-pollution/en/.
[3] 林倖妃, 黃., 鄧凱元 (2014). "空污 健康的隱形殺手." Retrieved 20, 12, 2017, from
https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5054397&eturec=1&ercamp=article_interest
ed_12.
[4] Organization, W. H. (2013). "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution –
REVIHAAP(interim report) ".
[5] PM2.5開放資料入口網站. "intro2.png." Retrieved 20, 12, 2017, from https://pm25.lass-
net.org/zh_tw/.
[6] 行政院環境保護署 (2017). "細懸浮微粒管制." Retrieved 12/20, 2017, from
https://air.epa.gov.tw/Public/suspended_particles.aspx.
[7] 哈爸 (2015). "【開源公益專案】LASS環境感測網路系統." Retrieved 20, 12, 2017, from
https://makerpro.cc/2015/09/projectplus-lass/.
[8] 陳伶志 (16, 5, 2017). "空氣盒子規格座談." Retrieved 20, 12, 2017, from
https://www.facebook.com/groups/LASSnet/1855609501356318/.
[9] "LASS - FAQ." from https://paper.dropbox.com/doc/LASS-FAQ-I1QucIhGn1XNRbIvINcru.

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課堂報告 - LASS 開源公益環境感測網路