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Chapter Two^^.Elements of production------.pptx
1. COURSE UNIT: ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTION
LECTURER THREE: PLANT LOCATION AND LAYOUT
Facilitator: Mr. Jaite Muhudin Gabow
Tell:+252615064765
jaitemuxudin@gmail.com
2. PLANT LOCATION AND LAYOUT
After studying this topic, students should be able to
understand the following concepts:-
Introduction
Definition
Need for selection suitable location
General factors effecting location
Principle of plant layout
Classification of layout
3. Introduction
The policy is an important element of the administrative process.
Policy implies a decision as to what should be done and how,
when it should be done. In the words of Paul Appleby “the
essence of public administration is policy making”. Public
Policy is concerned with the pattern of actions directed at social
problems or goals and considerable progress has been in
understanding policy content and processes.
4. Definitions
The policy is the government’s course of action to achieve
the desired ends. Public Policy includes whatever
government intends to undertake or not to undertake. As
said by Thomas dye, policy can be defined broadly as
“whatever government choose to do or not to do”.
5. CONT…
In other words Public Policies are the governmental rules
and programmes, considered individually and collectively,
formulated for the purpose of affecting positive change.
Public Policy is basically a set of rules and regulations set
forth that the public law is expected to adhere to.
6. Policy
A policy is a purposive course of action
taken to deal with a problem or concern.
Public
policy
There are policies that are developed by
government or governmental bodies and
officials.
There authorities may be Ministries,
Parliament, Judiciary, local Councils, and
other organs of government that have a legal
mandate to make policies .
7. Other additional definitions
A policy can be defined as ‘set of instructions, from policy makers to
policy implementers that spell out both goals and the means to achieving
those goal’.
In general term a policy is proposed course of action .
Is that policy which is made by Government bodies or officials.
Public policy is what Government chooses to do or not to do about actual
problem.
Public policy is ‘anything a government chooses to do or not to do’
(Thomas Dye).
8. Nature of public policy
Whatever the level of government, proponents of policy actions seek a
multitude of goals that also affect all members of society. For laws that
govern personal conduct, such as speed limits, policies aim to restrict
individual behavior as a way to protect lives or prevent injuries and
property damage; that is, the goal is to promote the public’s welfare or
common good.
9. After government enacts the laws, public policies also affect how the mandated
services aimed at the public good, such as police protection, public education,
maintenance of highways and bridges, or national defense, are provided. Direct
government payments are another form of public policy, and they affect
people’s lives on the individual and societal level. Social Security payments for
senior citizens, agricultural subsidies for farmers, and research grants to
universities sustain long-term individual and collective wellbeing.
10. KEY FACTORS IN PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT
1. Public Interest:
2. Effectiveness:
3. Consistency:
4. Fairness and Equity:
11. cont.…
1) Public Interest
What is the interest of society as whole? How is the
common good balanced against any private or special
interests? Is the process fully inclusive, especially of those
who are often overlooked or unable to participate?
13. Cont.….
3) Consistency
Degree of alignment with broader goals and strategies
of government with constitution, legislature and
regulatory regime.
14. 4) Fairness and Equity:
Degree to which the policy increases equity of all
members
and sectors of society. This may link directly to
consideration of
public interest.
15. Private policy
Policy making is not an exclusive domain of the ‘authorities’.
Private institutions, groups, business enterprises, civil society
organizations also make policies.
Private policies serve to regulate, control, and guide the
conduct of behaviour or business in a particular organization.
16. Policy outcome and output
Policy output
what government actually delivers.
For example, if the policy of government is reduce the maternal mortality rate, the
output of such policy will be the construction of maternity wards, provision of
ambulances at local health units, trained traditional birth attendants
Policy outcome:
what is actually achieved or expected to be achieved.
It is about the impact of the policy activities.
low maternal mortality rate, and increased number of inpatients and
outpatients.
17. Importance of Public Policy
The important role of the public policy is to make the
society to lead a better life and to maintain the delivery of
the goods and services are significant, it is regarded as
the mechanism for developing economic-social system, a
procedure for determining the future and so on.
