Acsm jakob linaa jensen social media and the siloization of the public sphere
1. The siloization of the public
sphere?
Social Media and the Transformation of Public Space
Amsterdam June 18th to 20th 2014
Jakob Linaa Jensen, Ph.D., associate professor,
Media Studies and Center for Internet Studies, Aarhus University, Denmark
Mail: linaa@imv.au.dk Twitter: jakoblinaa Skype: jakoblinaa
WORK IN PROGRESS – PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE WITHOUT PERMISSION
2. Agenda
The public sphere – a contested concept
Beyond Habermasian ideals
Publics in the age of digital media
Striated versus smooth space
Siloization or….?
3. This is not….
An analysis of deliberation in online debates – upcoming
in journal MedieKultur
The Replacement and Mobilisation Hypotheses revisited
(in Scandinavian Political Studies, 2013)
Investigation of citizenship online (Policy & Internet,
2011)
An analysis of the Internet in elections – past reports on
national elections and coming work on the EP election
4. It is….
theoretical reflections based on own studies and
international experiences
work in progress, many reflections are unfinished
So comments are most welcome….
5. The public sphere
– a contested concept
Habermas: coffee houses as examples of a public sphere
Dewey: from “great society” to “great community”
Kant: reflective judgement
These classic notions emphasize the role of media
Processes of deliberation are central
Strong criteria for conditions and procedures
6. Critique of the “classic” public
sphere
Exclusive (for the educated and the able)
Trade off between deliberation and inclusion
Discourse ethics exclude passion, emotions
Epistemological problems: reality rarely fulfills
Habermasian ideals
Arenas: the public sphere takes place in many settings
7. Updated concepts of the public
sphere must include
Focus on deliberation – but also on inclusion
Focus on visibility and the spectacular
The spatial perspective – from coffee houses to social
media and back to the city squares
And of course media are still what binds together
citizens and politicians
8. The public sphere in the digital age
Gitlin (1998) Seperate public spheres, defined by
affinity, interst
Hartley (2002) Public Sphere in the Media Sphere
Terranova (2004) Hydrospheres
Benkler (2006) Networked public shere
Foot & Schneider (2006) Issue networks = web sphweres
Boyd (2011) Networked publics
9. Social media democratize?
Spectacular effects
But not the only cause
Based on media hypes – augmented by other media
But limited lasting mobilization
Centered around short time spans
Ephimeral communities (Christensen, 2011, 12, 13)
10. Facebook democracy
Likes, groups still the most popular
Statements, more about visibility than involvement?
Feel good “slacktivism” (Fuchs, 2014)
Ephemeral communities? (Christensen & Christensen,
2011, 12)
11. Recent cases of political scandals
in Denmark
Eager discussions, news sharing, jokes
But people tend to reconfirm their views
#loekkeerminformand - support
#loekkeerminfarmand – irony, sarcasm
Social media as source for the press
But also tends to correct mistakes by the press
12. Seggregation, fragmentation
Davis (1998) demonstrated that Republicans stick to
Republicans, Democrats to Democrats
Similar trends in Denmark
Besides statements and single issues, people do not
really engage on Facebook with political opponents –
except to “troll”
Monadic clusters (Kenneth Gergen)
16. The smooth public sphere online
John Perry Barlow – a Declaration of Independence in
Cyberspace
Electronic Frontier Foundation
Howard Rheingold – Virtual Communities
Benjamin Barber – online townhall meetings
24. Smooth versus striated
Technology is not neutral, sets the frames
Governments, corporations, institutions define and
regulate the frames
The social media public sphere adds to visibility more
than deliberation
But more importantly, facilitate Foucauldian
heterotopia, smooth counter-spheres….
25. A social construction of
technology
WE write the story – within the technological and
cultural frames we can affect to some or a large extent
Heterotopias, reconfigurations or re-confimation
26. In sum
Today, the discussion of the Internet and the public
sphere is not about the level of deliberation
It is about whether a coherent public sphere is possible
in a world of fragmented, personalized media
technologies, siloization
And it is about the battles between actors of striated
and smooth spaces