FIRST aid fire fighting class

1. FIRST AID FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING
PREPARED BY JAISON FRANCIS (SA/FIRE MRF MDK

2. WHAT IS FIRE ?
FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION THAT OCCURS BETWEEN
OXYGEN IN THE AIR AND SOME SORT OF FUEL. IT IS THE
RAPID OXIDATION OF A MATERIAL (THE FUEL) IN THE
EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL PROCESS OF COMBUSTION,
RELEASING HEAT, LIGHT, AND VARIOUS REACTION
PRODUCTS

3. FIRE TRIANGLE

4. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
A class B class C class D class

5. A CLASS FIRE
• A CLASS A FIRE REFERS TO A FIRE THAT INVOLVES SOLID COMBUSTIBLES
SUCH AS WOOD, COAL, PAPER, PLASTIC, STRAW, CLOTH, RUBBER OR ANY
OTHER SOLID MATERIAL. THESE SOLID SUBSTANCES ARE MAINLY OF
ORGANIC ORIGIN AND CONTAIN CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS.

6. B CLASS FIRE
• CLASS B FIRE REFERS TO A FIRE INVOLVING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS SUCH AS
PETROLEUM (GASOLINE, KEROSENE, PETROL, DIESEL, OCTANE, ETC.),
PAINT, ALCOHOL, SOLVENT, OIL AND TAR, ETC. THAT NORMALLY DO NOT
LEAVE ANY EMBERS OR RESIDUES (OR VERY LOW AMOUNTS OF RESIDUES).
MOST OF THESE LIQUIDS HAVE A HIGH CARBON CONTENT AND THE
COMPOUNDS IN THEM AND ARE HIGHLY COMBUSTIBLE.

7. C CLASS FIRE
• CLASS C FIRES ARE FIRES INVOLVING GASES. THIS COULD BE NATURAL GAS, LPG OR
OTHER TYPES OF GASES FORMING A FLAMMABLE OR EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE. WHILE
EXTINGUISHERS CAN BE USED ON CLASS C GAS FIRES, THE ONLY SAFE METHOD TO
ATTACK THIS TYPE OF FIRE IS TO SHUT OFF THE GAS SUPPLY.

8. D CLASS FIRE
• CLASS D FIRES INVOLVE COMBUSTIBLE METALS AS THE FUEL FOR THE FIRE.
METALS USUALLY HAVE A VERY HIGH FLASH POINT BECAUSE YOU MUST
EXPOSE VAST AMOUNTS OF HEAT TO THE METAL BEFORE IT BEGINS TO BURN.
HOWEVER, SODIUM IS A METAL THAT CAN BURN UPON CONTACT WITH AIR OR
WATER. LITHIUM WHICH IS USING FOR MAKING BATTERIES IS ALSO CATCHES
FIRE EASILY.

9. FIRE EXTINGUISHING METHODS
• COOLING:-COOLING TAKES OFF HEAT FROM THE FIRE TRIANGLE. THIS HEAT TAKES
THE POSITION OF AN IGNITION SOURCE, SOMETIMES THE IGNITION SOURCE MAY BE
NAKED FLAME, SPARKS, ETC. HOWEVER, ANYTIME THE IGNITION SOURCE OF A FIRE IS
REMOVED, THE FIRE WILL DIE OUT NATURALLY.
• STARVATION:-STARVATION ROBS THE FIRE OF BURNING FUEL. THE FUEL CAN BE
SOLID, LIQUID OR GASEOUS. WHEN THERE IS NO MORE FUEL FOR THE FIRE TO BURN,
THE FIRE DIES OUT AUTOMATICALLY.
• SMOTHERING:-HERE, OXYGEN SUPPLY IS CUT OFF FROM THE FIRE. THIS IS MOSTLY
DONE BY COVERING THE FIRE TO PREVENT OR REDUCE INFLUX OF OXYGEN INTO IT.

10. SELECTION AND OPERATION OF
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• THERE ARE FIVE DIFFERENT FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, WHICH ARE:
• WATER, WATER MIST OR WATER SPRAY FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• DRY POWDER/ABC – STANDARD OR SPECIALIST FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• CARBON DIOXIDE (‘CO2’) FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

11. WATER TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• THIS IS WORKING ON COOLING METHOD AND SUITABLE FOR
A CLASS FIRE
ADVANTAGES OF WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
COST-EFFECTIVE AND CHEAP TO PURCHASE
IT REDUCES THE FLAMES RAPIDLY
ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY AND SAFE TO USE
MINIMAL CLEAN-UP REQUIRED
VERY EASY TO USE
CAN USE PAPER, WOOD, LASTIC ETC.

12. MECHANICAL FOAM EXTINGUISHER
• FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHERS WORK IN 2 WAYS. FIRSTLY, THEY ARE
MAINLY WATER-BASED AND SO HAVE THE SAME COOLING EFFECT AS
WATER EXTINGUISHERS, PUTTING THE FIRE OUT BY LOWERING THE
TEMPERATURE
• SECONDLY, ITS WORKING ON SMOTHERING (BLANKETING) METHODS.
THE BUBBLES CAN CUT OFF OXYGEN SUPPLY OF FIRE.
• CAN USE IN OIL FIRE.

13. DRY CHEMICAL POWDRER/ABC EXTINGUISHER
• DCP STANDS FOR DRY CHEMICAL POWDER WHICH IS INSIDE
THE EXTINGUISHER AND IS ACTUAL FIRE SUPPRESSENT. BASICALLY
DCP IS A TYPE OF ABC EXTINGUISHER. MONOAMMONIUM
PHOSPHATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE (NAHCO3, BAKING SODA),
POTASSIUM BICARBONATE (KHCO3) ARE MOSTLY USING TO MAKE THE
POWDER.
• CAN USE FOR A,B AND C CLASS FIRE.

14. CO2 (CARBON DIOXIDE) EXITINGUISHER
• AS THE NAME IMPLIES, THIS TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER USES
CARBON DIOXIDE TO KILL FIRES. CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ARE ALSO
CLASSIFIED AS CLASS B FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.
• CLASS B EXTINGUISHERS ARE MADE TO SNUFF CLASS B FIRES OR
THOSE THAT ORIGINATED FROM FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS SUCH AS DIESEL,
OIL, AND PETROL (NOT INCLUDING COOKING OILS) AND ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES