About this Talk: This talk will provide a nutritional perspective on the role of diet in cancer focusing on healthy fats known as omega-3 fatty acids. Sources, amounts and types of omega-3 fatty acids will be highlighted. Clinical and experimental evidence in support of a role for omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer will be presented. Lastly, some practical strategies to support a healthy diet will be shared.
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CCSN David Ma Nov 9 2023 final.pptx
1. Omega-3 Fats for Health and
Breast Cancer Prevention
David W.L. Ma, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Human Health & Nutritional
Sciences
University of Guelph, Canada
2.
3. Breast Cancer Statistics
• Globally, cancer is the 2nd leading cause of
death in 2015 after cardiovascular disease
contributing to 8.8 and 18 million deaths,
respectively1.
• Among female cancers, breast cancer is a
leading cause of death worldwide, which
increased 21% from 2005 to 2015 or 440,000
to 534,000 deaths1.
Lancet 2016; 388: 1545–602
6. Prevalence of Cancer, last 25 years
Canadian Cancer Statistics Advisory in collaboration with the Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics Canada and the Public Health Agency of
Canada. Canadian Cancer Statistics: A 2022 special report on cancer prevalence. Toronto, ON: Canadian Cancer Society; 2022. Available at:
cancer.ca/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2022-EN
7.
8. 1. Diets high in sodium,
2. low in vegetables,
3. low in fruit,
4. low in whole grains,
5. low in nuts and seeds
6. low in seafood omega-3.
9. Research questions in my lab
1. Is there a causal link between omega-3 fatty acids
and breast cancer?
2. What is the role of individual omega-3 fatty acids?
10. Dietary Fat and Cancer
Toxicological Sciences, 1999; 52 (Suppl) 127-146
13. Is there a causal link between
lifelong n-3 PUFA exposure and
mammary tumour
development?
14. Fat-1 Mouse: Genetic Model
for Studying N-3 PUFA
• Endogenous n-3 PUFA production
• Control for dietary confounders
n3 Desat.
n6 n6
n6 n3
15. Her2 Breast Cancer Model
• Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus–neu-ndl-YD5
(MMTV-neu-ndl-YD5)
– Aggressive mammary tumour model
– HER2/neu over-expression causes increased cell proliferation
• Her2 or neu oncogene
– Over-expression results in tumourigenesis
– 25% of human breast cancer
25. N-3 PUFA reduced TEB structures at 6
weeks
(n= 12-16 per diet)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Average
number
of
TEBs
a
a
b b
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Average
density
of
TEBs
(TEB/mm
2
)
a
a
b b
10% Safflower 3% Flaxseed 10% Flaxseed 3% Menhaden
26. N-3 PUFA increased tumor-free mice
(n=12 per diet)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1 74 79 84 89 94 99 104 109 114 119 124 129 134 139
%
of
Mice
Tumor
Free
Age of Tumor Onset (day)
Threshold dose 50 (TD50)
b
b
a
a
10% safflower
3% flaxseed
10% flaxseed
3% menhaden
27. N-3 PUFA inhibited tumor development
Time (week)
10% Safflower
3% Flaxseed
10% Flaxseed
3% Menhaden
a
b
c
d
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1011121314151617181920
Average
Number
of
tumors
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
1011121314151617181920
Average
tumor
volume
(mm
3
)
a
b
c
c
Average Tumor Volume Average Tumor Multiplicity
Time (week) (n= 12 per diet)
28. Is Plant or Fish Based
n-3 PUFA better?
Why does it matter?
Majority of n-3 PUFA in N. American diet is from ALA
What is relative potency?
Between 1/3 to 1/8
29. In Summary: Key Findings to Date
• Flaxseed oil is 1/3 as potent as menhaden oil;
ALA is 1/8 as potent as EPA and DHA
• Dose-response relationship between ALA
and BC
• Lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA influences MG
development and mitigate tumor outcomes
30. Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
Contact Info
1750 Courtwood Crescent, Suite 210
Ottawa, ON K2C 2B5
Telephone / Téléphone : 613-898-1871
E-mail: jmanthorne@survivornet.ca or info@survivornet.ca
Website: www.survivornet.ca
Twitter: @survivornetca
Facebook: www.facebook.com/CanadianSurvivorNet
Instagram: @survivornet_ca
Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/survivornetwork/