chapter 1 Aircondsystem.pdf

AMTEC Hakcipta Terpelihara 2020 © ILSAS 1
AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM AND
MAINTENANCE

WHAT IS AIR
CONDITIONING??

WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONING
AIR CONDITION IS DEFINED AS :
THE PROCESS OF TREATING AIR SO AS TO
CONTROL SIMULTANEOUSLY ITS:
SATU PEROSES MERAWAT
UDARA SUPAYA DAPAT
MENGAWAL:

SATU PROSES MERAWAT UDARA
AGAR DAPAT MENGAWAL:
• TEMPERATURE -SUHU
• HUMIDITY -KELEMBAPAN
• CLEANNES -KEBERSIHAN DAN
• AIR DISTRIBUTION -PENGEDARAN
BAGI MEMENUHI KEPERLUAN RUANG
YANG DI DINGINKAN

THE PROCESS OF TREATING AIR SO AS TO
CONTROL SIMULTANEOUSLY ITS:
• TEMPERATURE - MENGAWAL SUHU
SUHU BILEK DIKAWAL SEPERTI YANG DITETAPKAN

1. TEMPERATURE CONTROL
THERMOSTAT

THE PROCESS OF TREATING AIR SO AS TO CONTROL :
• HUMIDITY - KELEMBAPAN
KELEMBAPAN DITURUNKAN KEPADA HAD YANG
DIKEHENDAKI

2. MENGAWAL KELEMBAPAN
DENGAN CARA MENURUNKAN KELEMBAPAN
INGAT:???
KADAR YANG SELESA ( COMFORT RANGE) OF
THE HUMAN BODY IS 72F TO 80F AT 45% TO 50%
RELATIVE HUMIDITY

• KEBERSIHAN
Ruang bilik dibersihkan dengan penapisan udara

DISTRIBUTION OF AIR
• PEREDARAN UDARA
Udara yang terkawal keadaannya di edarkan
keseluroh bilik.

4. AIR MOVEMENT AND CIRCULATION
HASILNYA UDARA BILIK DAPAT DIKAWAL DENGAN BAIK
SUHU DAN KELEMBAPANNYA

COMFORT RANGE OF HUMAN BODY
AT 22 ° C (72°F) TO 26 ° C (80 °F)
BODY COMFORT IS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE,
RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND AIR MOVEMENT
AT 45% TO 50% RELATIVE HUMIDITY

BENEFITS OF AIR - CONDITIONER
•MODERN AIR CONDITIONER
DILENGKAPI DENGAN KAWALAN
SUHU YANG BAIK DAN
MENGHASILKAN KESELESAAN,
SENYAP DAN KECEKAPAN
PENGGUNAAN TENAGA

•DEODORISING(penghilang bau) FILTER
THAT REMOVES THE ODOR OF
CIGARETES, THE LINGERING AROMA
(bauan ) OF COOKING, ETC.
•AIR PURIFIER THAT REMOVE DUST,
MOULD AND BACTERIA FROM THE
AIR.

•MENGAWAL PERTUMBUHAN KULAT
PADA KIPAS DAN PENAPIS DAN
MENGHASILKAN UDARA BERSIH
MENGALIR KEDALAM RUANG BILEK

CHAPTER 1
1.System
2.Maintenance

SOALAN
Apakah dia penyaman udara.
A. Peroses menurunkan haba
B. Peroses menurunkan kelembapan (humidity)
C. Peroses marawat haba
D. Peroses pengedaran udara.

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

2 SIFAT BAHAN YANG PERLU KITA TAHU ..
SEJUK: MENYERAP
HABA
PANAS :
MEMBEBASKAN HABA

PENGALIRAN HABA
HABA SENTIASA BERGERAK DARI SUHU TINGGI
KEPADA SUHU YANG LEBIH RENDAH.
Haba tidak boleh bergerak dari sejuk ke panas.

There is another type of ice known as dry ice. Dry ice
is solid or frozen carbon dioxide.
Dry ice absorbs heat and passes directly into a gas at
temperature of -109.40F.
( -78ºC )

What is the function of refrigerator?
freezer
freezer
refrigerator
Heat out

PENGELASAN
PENYAMAN
UDARA

CLASSIFICATION OF AIR CONDITIONERS
a) PENGEMBANGAN TERUS
- DIRECT EXPANSION
The direct
expansion method
is that heat is
directly
exchanged
between air to be
conditioned and
the refrigerant

b) PENGEMBANGAN TIDAK TERUS
- INDIRECT EXPANSION
. The indirect
expansion method is
that heat is exchanged
indirectly between air
to be conditioned and
the refrigerant by
means of water or
brine.

PENGELASAN MENGIKUT KEDUDUKAN PEMAMPAT

REMOTE CONDENSER TYPE

PENGELASAN MENGIKUT KAEDAH PEMBEBASAN
HABA
1. Air cooled type
2. Water cooled type

CLASSIFICATION BY HEAT REJECTION METHODS
1. Air cooled type

CLASSIFICATION BY HEAT REJECTION METHODS
• Water cooled type

Features of air cooled and water cooled types
Air cooled type Water cooled type
1. Condensing medium Outdoor air well water, city water
Cooling tower water
2. Accidental work Power supply Power supply
cooling water piping
3. Cooling capacity Approx. 2100-2500kca/h Approx. 3000kcal/h
per 0.75 KW
4. Noise Comparatively high (Outdoor unit) LOW
5. Check point Conditions of outdoor air intake Quantity and quality
(chemicals, dust and dirt) of cooling water
Short-circuit of distributed air Position of a cooling
Outdoor air temperature tower

TYPE OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Two type of air conditioning system
1. Compression type
2. Absorption type

ABSORPTION TYPE

COMPRESSION TYPE

ROOM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
SINGLE PACKAGED TYPE (WINDOW UNIT)

SPLIT TYPE (Pair system)

SPLIT TYPE ( Multi-system

COOLING
CAPACITY
SELECTOR

PHYSICAL DATA
BTU/HR 8000 - 9,000 12,000
H.POWER 1 1.5
WATT 870 1130
TON 3/4 1
CAPACITY
AMPERE 4 5.1
1 HP = 7922 BTU/HR
1 TON = 12,000 BTU/HR

CHOOSING THE RIGHT SIZE
To adapt the table for varying conditions, modify the
capacity figures as follows:
1. Reduce capacity by 10% if area is heavily shaded.
2. Increase capacity by 10% for very hot area.
3. Add 600 btu/hr for each additional person if area is
occupied routinely by more than 3 people.

Cooling Estimator Table
To find out what capacity air-conditioner you need, the
chart below will give rough indication of the size
required for your rooms of height 2.5 to 3.0 meters (8 to
10 feets).:
ROOM AREA
AIR-
CONDITIONER
SIZE
Square meters
(m2)
Square feets
(m2)
Length x width
of room (feet)
Cooling capacity
(btu/hr)
Horse power
rating of air
conditioner (hp)
13 - 15 140 - 162 12 x 12 7000 - 9000 ¾ - 1.0
16 - 17 172 - 183 14 x 14 9000 - 11000 1.0 – 1.5
18 - 22 194 - 237 14 x 15 11000 - 13000 1.5
23 - 24 248 - 258 15 x 16 13000 - 16000 1.5 – 2.0
30 323 18 x 18 18000 - 20000 2.0 – 2.5
40 431 21 x 21 24000 2.5 – 3.0

PENGGUNAAN TENAGA ELETRIK
Jumlah Jumlah
Bil Perkara Watt Qty DF Jam/Sehari Mingguan Hari (kWj)
1 Lampu 60 15 0.4 5 1 30 54
2 Kipas angin 100 3 0.7 8 1 30 50.4
3 Periok Nasi 1500 1 1 0.5 1 30 22.5
4 Cerek elektrik 1000 1 1 0.5 1 30 15
5 Penyaman Udara 1500 2 0.6 8 1 30 432
6 Seterika 1000 1 1 1 2 8 16
7 Hampagas 1000 1 1 1 2 4 8
597.9
Penggunaan (Jam)
CONTOH: UNIT I HP ( 1 BULAN)
840 X 8jamX 0.6 X 30 = 120960/1000= 120 KW/J
120 X @ RM 0.228 =RM 27.57
DF+ DIVERSITY FACTOR
FAKTOR KEPELBAGAIAN.

Energy Saving Tips For Air Conditioners
ITEM ACTION
FREQUENCY
Daily Monthly
Twice a
year
Once a
year
Thermostat
Set your thermostat not lower
than 20oC
x
Air filter (indoor unit)
Change and clear weeds and
other debris away from outside
condensing unit
x
Outside coils Clean and straightten the fins x
Inside coils Clean x
System air low Check x
System refrigerant Check the level x
Blower fan Clean and oil x
Duct work Inspect and repair leaks x

KEUPAYAAN Air Conditioning
BERGANTUNG JUMLAH HABA YANG BOLEH
DIPINDAHKAN.
Air conditioners with low star ratings are less efficient (1 star
minimum) than air conditioners with high star ratings (6 stars
maximum).

PEMILIHAN KEUPAYAAN PENYEJUKAN
KEUPAYAAN PENYEJUKAN DALAM btu/hr
1. KIRA LUAS RUANG YANG PERLU DISEJUKAN (
PANJANG X LEBAR ) DALAM KAKI PERSEGI
2. GUNAKAN JADUAL UNTUK MEMILIH
KEUPAYAAN PENYAMAN UDARA YANG
DDIPERLUKAN.
3. KEUPAYAAN PENYAMAN UDARA ADALAH
BERPANDUKAN KEPADA BILIK YANG DIHUNI
OLEH 2 ORANG DENGAN KEADAAN PENEBATAN
DAN TINGKAP YANG MINIMUM.

BEFORE AFTER
60ºF 61ºF
= 1 BTU
1 IB OF WATER
1 IB OF WATER

BEFORE 60 ° F
AFTER 59 ° F
= 1 BTU


SPLIT UNIT ROOM AIR CONDITIONER
HOT AIR
COLD AIR

PENGALIRAN HABA
HABA SENTIASA BERGERAK DARI SUHU TINGGI
KEPADA SUHU YANG LEBIH RENDAH.
Haba tidak boleh bergerak dari sejuk ke panas.

CENTRALISED AIR
CONDITIONING
SYSTEM

CENTRALISED AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

CHILLER
COOLING TOWER
AHU
ROOM

CENTRALISED SYSTEM

OVERALL BENEFITS / COST CONSIDERATIONS.
Benefits of the installation of DCS with TES technology can be
summerised as follows:
• Lower operating cost.
• More efficient equipment operation.
• Lower capital cost for bigger installation.
• Continued cooling during power outages.
DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM

DCS WITH TES
DCS developer will consider selecting TES system
when any of the following criteria apply:
 The maximum cooling load of the total facility or
higher than the average cooling load.
 The increasing growth of chilled water demand
during the peak hours compared to non- peak
hours.
 The electricity utility rate structure includes high
demand charges, a significant differential
between on-peak and off peak rates .
Back-up or redundant cooling capacity is desirable.

TES
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE (TES) IN FORMS OF CHILLED
WATER OR ICE STORAGE MAY BE INTEGRATED INTO THE
COMPONENT OF THE CHILLED WATER SYSTEM DEPENDING ON
THE ECONOMIC OF TOTAL SYSTEM.

THE WATER IS THEN PIPED BACK TO THE CENTRAL
PLANT TO BE RECHILLED AND RECIRCULATED.
TES SYSTEM IS A PROVEN TECHNOLOGY AND SIMPLE
CONCEPT WHERE ICE OR CHILLED WATER IS MADE
AT THE CENTRAL PLANT AND STORED IN STORAGE
TANK DURING THE NIGHT.
THE STORED COOLING IS LATER USED TO MEET A
COOLING LOAD OF DURING THE DAY WHEN
ELECTRICITY RATES IS HIGHER.

DISTRIC COOLING SYSTEM FUNDAMENTAL(DCS)
SISTEM YANG MENGHASILKAN AIR SEJUK (CHILLED
WATER) DAN DIHANTAR MELALUI PAIP KE
BANGUNAN- BANGUNAN.
KAEDAH MENGHASILKAN AIR SEJUK :
1. STEAM TURBINE DRIVEN,
2. ELECTRICAL DRIVEN OR
3. ABSORPTION TYPE.

Main Branch:
TNB Integrated Learning Solution Sdn Bhd – ILSAS,
Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel: (+6)03-892272222
Fax: (+6)03-89263505
Email: infoILSAS@tnb.com.my
Website: www.tnbilsas.com.my
Malim Nawar Branch:
TNB Integrated Learning Solution Sdn Bhd – ILSAS,
PO Box 1, 31700 Malim Nawar, Perak, Malaysia.
Tel: (+6)05-4775960
Fax: (+6)05-4775954
Human Resource
Minister Award 2007
Winner—Best
Training Provider
Category
Class ‘A’ Training Provider

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