endodontic instruments

1. ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
 Dr. Irfan Ullah khan

2. Instruments for Different Procedures
Examination and
Diagnosis Kit
Routine Endodontic
Procedure Kit
Emergency Kit
Instruments for
Bleaching

4. Endodontic Explorer
 Double-ended instruments with long tapered spikes at either a right angle or an obtuse angle
 This facilitates the location of canal orifices
 They are very stiff & should not be inserted deep into canals
 Explorers should never be heated
 DG-16, JW-17

5. Endodontic
explorers

9. Intra-canal Preparation
Instruments

10. Intra-canal Preparation Instruments
 Preparation means ‘Cleaning & Shaping’
 Purpose is ‘to mechanically debride the pulp spaces’
 An instrument must ideally contact and plane all walls
 No instrument/technique that can totally mechanically prepare & shape all spaces

11.  Physical Properties
 Instrument Fabrication
 Physical Characteristics
 Instrument Design and Standardization
 Hand Operated Instruments
 Mechanically Operated Instruments
 Avoidance of Instrument Separation

12. Physical Properties
 Choice of instrument by clinician on basis of;
 Physical properties
 Stiffness
 Flexibility
 Cutting efficiency
 Memory
 durability
 Cost

13. Materials Used
1. Stainless Steel (SS) C, Fe, Ni with traces of Mn, Mb, Cr
1. Less flexibility
2. Straightens and transports canal
3. Plastic deformation
2. Nickel Titanium (NiTi) 55% Ni, 45% Ti
1. Excellent flexibility
2. Conforms to canal shape
3. Elastic deformation

14. Stainless Steel
Instruments
Nickel Titanium
Instruments

15. Instrument Fabrication
Based on instrument fabrication, they can be divided into following types;
1. Ground instrument
2. Ground-twisted instrument

16. Ground
instrument
• H file
• K type file
• Rotary files

17. Ground-Twisted
instrument
• K type file
(mostly)
• K type reamer

18. Physical Characteristics- Factors that must be
kept in mind during instrumentation;
Flexibility
NiTi has 1/4th to 1/5th of
modulus of elasticity as
compared to SS
Endurance to abuse of
instrument during use
Point of fatigue to
critical point
(operator knowledge)
Maintenance of
efficient cutting edge

19. Cyclic Fatigue
Number of cycles of an instrument rotating
before its fracture
Torsional Fatigue/Limit
Amount of rotational torque that can be
applied to a ‘locked’ instrument to the point
of breakage

20. Instrument Design and Standardization
 ADA has established several specifications that cover various types of instruments and their characteristics.
 Color Coding
 Dimensions
 Length
 Taper
 Tip Design
 Hand-operated instruments do not demonstrate reliable and consistent dimensional standardization.

26. FLUTE THE FLUTE OF THE FILE IS THE
GROOVE IN THE WORKING
SURFACE.
USED TO COLLECT SOFT TISSUE
& DENTIN CHIPS REMOVED
FROM THE WALL OF THE CANAL.

27. Taper
 Amount of file diameter that increases with each millimeter along its
working surface from the tip toward the file handle.
 According to ADA specs, 2% taper
 But in rotary files, we have 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% taper also

28. Hand-operated instruments
 Includes
 Barbed broaches
 K type reamer
 K type file
 Hedstrom (H) file

29. Barbed Broaches
 SS instruments
 Sharp barbs are created on tapered wire
 Barbs entangle and allow removal of
canal content
 Neither bound in canal nor aggressively
forced around canal curvatures
 Never be reused

30. File VS
Reamer
• Number of flutes
• Motions

31. Mechanically Operated Instruments
 Rotary
 Gates Glidden drills
 Peeso reamers
 Lentulo spirals
 Engine driven NiTi rotary instruments
 Light speed instrument
 Reciprocating
 Vibratory
 Lasers

32. Gates Glidden Drills
 Elliptically shaped burs
 Latch type attachment
 Used for
 straight line access
 coronal flaring
 post space prep.
 Flexible and well
controlled
Peeso Reamers
 Parallel cutting sides
 Latch type attachment
 Same
 Less flexible and less well
controlled
 More aggressive cutting

35. Lentulo Spiral
 Twisted wire instrument
 Latch type attachment
 Used to spin pastes, sealers, cements,
calcium hydroxide

36. Engine driven NiTi
Rotary instrument
 Torque controlled
 Slow speed
 Made up of NiTi
 Used for canal enlargement
especially curved canals.

37. Light Speed
instruments
 Innovative NiTi instrument
 Stamped non-cutting tip
 Flexible shaft

40. Avoidance of Instrument Separation
 Manufacturers recommendations
 Observation of signs and file discarding
 Unwinding of flutes
 Rolling up of flutes
 Tip distortion
 Wear
 corrosion

41.  Observation of canal anatomy (curvatures)
 Lower speed and preflaring reduces likelihood of fracture
 Single use files

43. Intra-canal Obturation
Instruments

44. Instruments used in the 2 most common used techniques are
1. Cold lateral compaction
 Spreaders (finger and hand spreaders)
2. Warm vertical compaction
 Heat transfer instrument: System B or Flame
 Compaction instruments: Pluggers
3. Carrier Based compaction
4. Thermoplastic compaction

46. Disinfection and Sterilization
 Instruments are contaminated during use with blood, soft & hard tissue
remnants, and bacteria & their remnants
 Must be cleaned, disinfected and or sterilized
 Disinfection done with chemicals(alcohols, quaternary ammonium
compounds)
 Sterilization done with autoclaves, chemiclaves, dry heat oven

47. Autoclave Chemiclave Dry Heat Oven

48. Components of Rotary file

49. Protaper File
System
 Pro-taper means progressively taper.
 Each instrument has multiple tapers over the length
of cutting blades.
 This design improves flexibility, cutting efficiency &
the safety of these files.
 Comprised of six instruments, three shaping & three
finishing files.
 Shaping files: Sx, S1, S2
 Finishing files: F1, F2, F3.

51. Thank You