3. What is cancer
• Cancer is a group of diseases.
• Abnormal cell growth.
• Potential to invade or spread.
• More than 100 types.
• 14 million cancer diagnosed every year.
• 8 million die every year.
11. Side effects of traditional cancer
therapies
• Less effective.
• Reoccurrence of cancer.
• Weight loss.
• Hair fall.
• Suppresses immune system.
• At last death.
12. What is immunotherapy
• Biologic therapy.
• It is a type of cancer treatment that boosts the
body's natural defenses to fight against the
cancer.
• It uses substances made by the body or in a
laboratory to improve or restore immune
system function.
• Revolutionary therapy.
13. How immunotherapy works
• Immunotherapy activates innate and adaptive
immune system.
• Stop and slows the growth.
• Destroy cancer cells.
• Stop spreading of cancer cell.
14. Types of immunotherapies
• Monoclonal antibodies therapy.
• Oncolytic virus therapy.
• Polysaccharide k therapy.
• Cancer vaccines.
• T cell therapy.
• Dendritic cell therapy.
• Cytokine therapy.
• Immune check point therapy.
15. Monoclonal antibodies
• Immunoglobulins.
• Designed in the laboratory.
• Attack specifically to target antigen on the
cancer cells.
• Triggers the immune system
• Attaches to the cancer cells.
• Recruitment of cytotoxic t cells.
• ADCC.
• NK cells and macrophages also destroy cancer
cells.
16. • Block signals that telling cancer cells to
divide.
• Mab attach GFR cell division.
• Carry cancer drugs or radiations.
• Conjugated mab.
• Destroy cancer cells.
• Block specific molecules/ receptors.
• So the immune system can detect cancer cells
easily.
19. • Overall it activates innate and adaptive
immune system to eliminate cancer.
• Complement system also activated.
20. Oncolytic virus therapy
• It uses genetically modified viruses to kill
cancer cells.
• Injects viruses into tumors.
• Multiply.
• Cell burst dies.
• As the cell dies it release many antigens into
blood.
• Triggers patient immune system.
• Attack all cancer cells.
21. Polysaccharide k
• Extract from mushroom effective against
cancer.
• Coriolus versicolor.
• Stimulate immune system.
• Used as dietary supplement in USA.
22.
23. Cancer vaccines
• Vaccines that are made up of cancer cells/ part
and pure tumor antigens.
• Stimulate body immune system to fight against
cancer cells.
• Antigen is a substance that induces an immune
response / and production of antibodies.
24. Types of cancer vaccines
• Altered proteins/ peptides.
• DNA/ RNA.
• Whole cell vaccines.
• Dendritic cell vaccines.
• Human papilloma virus vaccines.
• Hepatitis B vaccines.
25. How cancer vaccines work
• Vaccine antigens goes into the blood.
• APC phagocytose and present antigen on surface.
• T helper cell recognize that antigen bind with it.
• Release cytokines.
• Trigger antibody production B cells
• Trigger Cytotoxic t cells to recognize cancer cells.
• Dstruction.
26. T cell therapy
• Lymphocytic cells.
• T cell removed from patients.
• Genetically engineered in the laboratory
• T cell expresses antigen specific receptors.
• Produce culture in the laboratory.
• Reintroduced into patients.
• Recognize cancer.
27.
28. Dendritic cell therapy
• APC cells.
• Removed from patients.
• Cultured with antigen in laboratory.
• Present antigen.
• Re infused into patients.
29.
30. Cytokine therapy
• Group of proteins released by immune cells.
• Play an important role in activating immune
response.
• interferon's and interleukins.
• It stimulate the production of antibodies.
• Stimulate T cytotoxic cells.
31. Immune check points
• Cancer cells produce some excessive proteins.
• Prevent them from recognition.
• Immune check point inhibitors blocks that
proteins so immune system detect cancer cells.
• PD-1 inhibitors.
• CTLA-4 inhibitors.
