by James Tooley

1. Global innovation, secondary education and privatisation
James Tooley, PhD
President, The Education Fund, Orient Global
www.orientglobal.com

3. 3

7. Makoko - Nigeria

9. Ghana

10. Kenya

12. Hyderabad Schools
Hyderabad % of Schools
Private Recognised
23.3%
Government 34.9%
Private
Private Aided 5.3%
Unrecognised 36.5%

13. Pupil Enrolment - Hyderabad
Private Recognised
Government
42%
24%
Private Aided
11%
Private
Unrecognised
23%

14. Pupil Enrolment - Mahbubnagar
Mahbubnagar % of pupils
Private Recognised
Government
41%
48%
Private
Private Aided
Unrecognised
4%
7%

15. Title

16. Hyderabad – 3 zones
The school caters for
Secondary section
The school The school
caters for does not cater
Secondary for Secondary
section section Total
government 59 260 319
18.5% 81.5% 100.0%
private aided 30 17 47
63.8% 36.2% 100.0%
private unaided 112 216 328
unrecognised 34.1% 65.9% 100.0%
private unaided 153 49 202
recognised 75.7% 24.3% 100.0%
Total 354 542 896
39.5% 60.5% 100.0%

17. 60
50
40
Mean score (%)
Government
30 Private unrecognised
Private recognised
20
10
0
maths English Hindi
Subject
17

18. Raw Maths scores – Grade 8,
Mahbubnagar

19. Predicted Maths scores -
Mahbubnagar
Predicted scores
60
50
40 Government
% score
30 Private aided
20 Private unaided
10
0
1
School type

20. Monthly salaries (Rs.)
12000
10000
8000
Government
6000
PUA unrecognised
PUA recognised
4000
2000
0
Mean monthly salary

23. Challenges of Globalisation
• Challenges to Indian education to
allow us to better compete in and
serve the world
• How Indian education can capitalise
on the opportunities for globalisation

24. Unnikrishan Supreme Court
Judgement 1993
• “Commercialisation of education cannot and
should not be permitted. The Parliament as well
as State Legislatures have expressed this
intention in un-mistakable terms. Both in the light
of our tradition and from the standpoint of
interest of general public, commercialisation is
positively harmful, it is opposed to public policy.
… this is one of the reasons for holding that
imparting education cannot be trade, business or
profession.”

25. Changing notions?
• ‘In setting up a reasonable fee structure, the
element of profiteering is not as yet accepted in
Indian conditions’ (Para. 53, p. 34).
• ‘Reasonable surplus to meet cost of expansion
and augmentation of facilities does not, however
amount to profiteering’ (p. 128).
• Does this allow for for-profit
education? Or not?