China Progress Report on Rural Sanitation Improvement

1. China Progress Report
on Rural Sanitation Improvement
Ministry of Health, P.R. China
中华人民共和国卫生部
Bali, Indonesia 10 Sep 2012

2. Contents
Ⅰ Achievements
Ⅱ Major measures
一、
Ⅲ Challenges and outlooks
中华人民共和国卫生部

3. Introduction
• Coverage: 9.6 million square kilometers
• Total population: around 1.37 billion, in which half more
are rural population
• Different development level in different regions
• Realized the goal on safe drinking water 6 years in advance
(based on 2015)
• Sanitation improvement: Government leading
Rural latrine improvement has been included in national
medical reform project and national development plan
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4. Ⅰ Achievements
• 2009-2011: the central government input CNY4.448 billion,
and supported 11.05 million harmless sanitary latrines in
rural areas
• By the end of 2011, the proportion of rural household
sanitary latrines has reached 69.18%
(the target to 2011 is 68% in National Medical Reform Plan)
• By 2015, China is confident to reach MDG sanitation target.
• Improvement of rural environment
• Promotion of residents’ health awareness
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5. Ⅰ Achievements
80
67.43 69.18
70
63.11
59.72
60 55.31 54.95 56.97
48.81 50.92 53.1
50 45.00 46.09
40
30
20
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Fig.1 Proportion of latrine improvement in rural China from 2000 to 2011
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6. Ⅱ Major measures
 Macro-planning with multiple measures
 Mobilize resources and guarantee fund on rural latrine
improvement
 Organize public education, and engage the masses
 Make plan according to local conditions, and guarantee
quality
 Introduce market mechanism, and promote sustainable
development
 Enhance international cooperation
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7. Ⅱ Major measures
• 2.1 Macro-planning with multiple measures
– Rural latrine improvement is a major component in the
construction of New Countryside
– Government’s commitments to MDG through 10th, 11th, and
12th Five-Year Plan
– MOH: latrine improvement in six major public health
services starting in 2009
– “National Action Plan on Environmental Health in Urban
and Rural Areas”
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8. Ⅱ Major measures
• 2.2 Mobilize resources and guarantee fund on rural
latrine improvement
– The central government input on rural latrine totaled
CNY4.448 billion from 2009 to 2011
– The provincial and county-level governments implement
the projects.
– Residents assist in the construction of latrines through
labor work.
– Mass media focus on rural sanitation: health promotion
and HH latrine use and maintenance
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9. Ⅱ Major measures
• 2.3 Organize public education, and engage the
masses
– Health education/promotion activities
demonstration/exhibition
site introduction and training
related propaganda material distribution
health promotion class in school
– Triggering the rural residents’ willingness
latrine is essential for their own life
construct latrines appropriately, which can further promote
environmental health
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10. Ⅱ Major measures
• 2.4 Make plan according to local conditions, and
strengthen guidance
– Six kinds of sanitary latrines recommended:
3-compartment septic tank toilet
Double urn funnel latrine
Biogas latrine
Eco-san (Urine and fecal segregative toilet)
Lavatories with complete flushing and sewage system
In-turn-used Double-vault Dry Latrines
– Technical trainings and guidance for project areas:
ensuring the quality and appropriate use of these latrines
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11. Ⅱ Major measures
• 2.5 Introduce market mechanism, and promote
sustainable development
– Market mechanism introduction and exploration:
To cultivate a better sanitation market in rural areas
To establish a market promotion mode-- technical
creation/renewal and development, and decreased
economic burdens
Win-win market mechanism to stakeholder
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12. Ⅱ Major measures
• 2.6 Enhance international cooperation
Focus on rural environmental health problems and achieving
MDG goals
– UNICEF 、 WHO 、 WB 、 DFID 、 AusAid and other
developed countries
– Application of advanced technologies
– Experience exchange and new concept learned
– Capacity building valuable experiences
– ……
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13. Ⅲ Challenges and outlooks
• Large population with insufficient sanitation infrastructure
– Based on current trend, 25% of the Chinese populations, about
165 millions, are still unable to access sanitary latrines by the
2015.
– Uneven regional development
how to improve latrines in regions with different development
stages and make sanitation improved for all
Priority on bridging regional gap in future work
Western and central China -- limited progress
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14. Ⅲ Challenges and outlooks
• Next steps and outlook
– To continue implementing rural latrine improvement
projects after 2012.
– By 2015, reach MDG sanitation target.
– More attention on rural sanitation
– Conduct overall management focusing on rural water
supply and latrine improvement
– Mass media and propaganda; rural living environment as
well as health awareness among rural residents
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15. Sanitation for all – Towards 2015 and Beyond
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