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Szövet és szerv fixáció oktatási és tudományos célokra
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41hu
- 1. Improved Medical Education in Basic Sciences for Better Medical Practicing ImproveMEd Szövet és szerv fixálása oktatási és tudományos célokra
- 2. • A fixálás célja • Fixáló szerek • Fixálási eljárás
- 3. 1. A fixálás célja a szervek, a szövetek és a sejtes arhitektúra megóvása az ún. "életszerű állapotban" Fixáló szerek
- 4. a tudományos és oktatási célokra adományozott humán holttestek megőrzése m. deltoideus inferior hyoid izmok inferior hyoid izmok inferior hyoid izmok
- 5. a bomlás, a rothadás és az autolízis megelőzése érdekében enzim molekula bomlás (eredmény) az enzim változatlan marad
- 6. Fixáló szer
- 7. • A "térhálósodás" elkerülhetetlen következményei a szövetek vagy szervek keménysége, amelyek keresztül mennek a fixációs eljáráson
- 8. 2. Fixáló szerek ALDEHIDEK OXIDIZÁLÓ ÁGENSEK ALKOHOL-ALAPÚ FIXATÍVOK FIXATÍVOK FÉMES CSOPORTJA
- 9. fixálás Fizikai eljárás Kémiai eljárás
- 11. FORMALIN Formaldehyde 37 – 40 % Víz 60 – 63 %
- 15. OH
- 16. CO2+H2O Methanol Formaldehyde Formic acid Alkohol dehidrogenáz Formaldehid dehidrogenáz
- 17. Ha létezik egy ideális fixáló, akkor az alábbi tulajdonságokkal kell rendelkeznie: Nem keményítse a szöveteket, a szerveket és a holttesteket Finom színezést tegyen lehetővé a szöveteket a további elemzéshez Nem mérgező az emberre és az állatokra Elfogadható ár Eddig nem találtak ideális fixálót
- 18. 3. Fixűlási eljárás A formaldehid fixálószerként történő felhasználása nem nyújt jó eredményeket a hosszú távú megőrzéshez A formaldehidet más szerekkel kell kombinálni Vannak speciális protokollok a HOLTTESTEK vagy csak adott SZERVEK fixálásához
- 19. KAISERLING OLDAT • Az egyes elszigetelt szervek megőrzése oktatási célra • Ezen megoldások előnye a szövet, hogy a nagyjából megőrzi eredeti színét
- 20. Oldat elkészítése: Kaiserling I: 85 g kálium-acetát, 45 g kálium-nitrát, 4800 ml formalin oldat (3-4%) Kaiserling II: etil-alkohol, 80-95% Kaiserling III: 200 g kálium-acetát, 300 ml glicerin, 900 ml csapvíz
- 22. PRETORIUS PROTOKOL Szabványosított módszer a holttest fixálásához oktatási célokra A protokoll előnye a holttest tartóssága és a fixálás alacsony ára Hátránya - a szövet barna színeződése
- 23. Oldat elkészítése: • 96 % ethanol • Formalin (3 – 4 %) 500 mL • csapvíz 750 mL • 80 % folyékon fenol 3,5 L A fixatív befecskendezés eljárása: • körülbelül 5 liter formalint injektálunk 1 - 1,5 kPa nyomáson a holttestbe (a femorális artérián keresztül)
- 24. holttest 60 kg → 25 L fixativ → fixűciós idő kb. 3 -5 év
- 26. A holttest karbantartása • Fedjük le nedvesített anyaggal és tartsuk hűvös helyiségben Nedvesítő anyag elkészítése: Glicerin - 250 ml 80% folyékony fenol - 250 ml Csapvíz - 1 liter