2. Emotions play an important role in the
decision making process, as coherent
behavior is impossible if they are not
considered as a basic element in that
process
3. In this work is developed a cognitive
model that takes into consideration the
emotions of a fighter pilot and how they
relate to specific behavioral actions of
the Red Baron in combat situations.
4. To accomplish this:
› cognitive model (a mental model and BCA)
› cognitive structure of emotions based on the
theory of Ortony, Clore, and Collins,
Create the emotional model
5. The two models, cognitive and
emotional, are combined in a single
model, which we will call the EmoCog
model.
6. The representation model is developed
by fuzzy cognitive maps.
› This representation permits a validation of
the EmoCog model.
› Using hypothetical scenarios that simulate
the Red Baron’s behavior in combat
situations
7. Get a model that can include emotions
like part of the environment evaluation
And this, make possible the inclusion of
emotions in the decision making-process
8. BEGIN
Take off STEP 1
IF (good weather)
WHILE (combat situation)
REPEAT
Watch flanks STEP 2
Look for enemy STEP 3
Identify enemy STEP 4
IF (at advantage)
Frame enemy STEP 5
IF (there is ammunition)
Attack enemy STEP 6
ELSE
Attack enemy without weapons STEP 7
ENDIF
ENDIF
IF (under enemy attack)
Evade enemy STEP 8
ENDIF
UNTIL (aircraft conditions are not good OR
Fuel is insufficient OR no good weather)
ENDWHILE
Return to base STEP 9
Land STEP 10
ENDIF
END
9. Verify enemy attack (R)
Continue combat (A) Return to base and land (R)
Protect flanks (R)
Find enemy aircraft (R)
Good weather (I)
Take off (R)
Enough fuel (R)Aircraft good conditon (R)
N
N
N
N
N
N N
Check initial conditions (R)
Inverted loop
(A) maneuver
Reduce
speed (R)
N N
Verify advantage
(R)
N N
Confront
enemy (R)
Identify free (R)
enemy aircraft
Check ammunition (R)
Seek position of
advantage (R)
Attack enemy
aircraft (A)
Destroy tail of
enemy aircraft (A)
Destroy wings of
enemy aircraft (A)
N
N
N
S S
S
N
N
S
Check ammunition (R)
Find enemy lines on land (R)
Attack
enemy
lines on
land (A)
(A) Make
strafing
runs over
enemy lines
N
N N
S
N N
S
S
S
Macrostruture of
Red Baron’s
goals in action
Links’ types:
•sufficient (S)
•necessary (N)
•facilitating (F)
• inhibiting (I)
Goals’ types:
• Active pursuit goals (A)
• Goals of interest (I)
• Filler goals (R)
10. Behavioral concepts Steps of develop-ment Elements of the emotions model
Take off STEP 1
Temerity(1), Aggressiveness (2), Victory(4), Desire(5), Adrenaline(7),
Anxiety(10)
Verify good weather Boolean Self preservation(3)
Combat situation Boolean
Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Victory(4), Desire(5), Adrenaline(7),
Glory(9), Anxiety(10), Synchronization(13), Superiority(14),
Comradeship (15)
Identify enemy STEP 4 Aggressiveness(2), Dexterity(6), Self control(12)
Look for enemy STEP 3 Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Victory(4), Superiority(14)
Watch flanks STEP 2 Self preservation(3), Fear(8)
There is no advantage Boolean Dexterity(6), Fear(8)
Attack enemy without weapons STEP 7 Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Victory(4), Glory(9), Superiority(14)
Destroy tail of enemy aircraft STEP 7.1 Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Adrenaline(7), Emotivity(11)
Destroy wings of enemy aircraft STEP 7.2
Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Adrenaline(7), Emotivity(11),
Superiority(14)
Strafing run over enemy lines on land STEP 7.3 Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Adrenaline(7), Superiority(14)
There are advantage Boolean Superiority(14)
EMOCOG MODEL:
RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN
EMOTIONS AND
BEHAVIOR
11. Behavioral concepts Steps of develop-ment Elements of the emotions model
Frame the enemy STEP 5 Victory(4), Desire(5), Glory(9)
Attack enemy STEP 6 Synchronization(13), Superiority(14), Comradeship(15)
Attack enemy aircraft STEP 6.1 Synchronization(13), Superiority(14), Comradeship(15)
Seek enemy aircraft STEP 6.2
Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Victory(4), Synchronization(13),
Superiority(14)
Attack enemy lines on land STEP 6.3
Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Desire (5), Dexterity(6),
Adrenaline(7), Superiority(14), Comradeship(15)
There are enemy attack Boolean Self preservation(3), Fear(8), Rebelliousness(18)
Evade the enemy STEP 8
Temerity(1), Aggressiveness(2), Self preservation(3), Desire (5),
Dexterity(6)
Inverted loop maneuver STEP 8.1 Dexterity(6)
Reduce speed STEP 8.2 Self preservation(3), Dexterity(6)
Return to base STEP 9 Victory(4), Self control(12), Abort(16), Error(17)
Land STEP 10 Victory(4), Abort(16), Error(17), Rebelliousness(18)
EMOCOG
MODEL:
RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN
EMOTIONS AND
BEHAVIOR
12. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM's) are an
artificial intelligence technique for
knowledge representation with
uncertainty and are used to model the
behavior and operation of complex
systems. FCM describe the behavior of a
system in terms of elements (emotions
and actions-event) and causal
relationships between these elements.
13. There are several elments involved in the
macrostructure of Red Baron’s goals. These
elments are interrelated through relationships of
causality.
Relationships of causality refer to the effect an
element has on the rest of them, involved in the
description of an environment. The effect is to
increase or reduce the likelihood of another
element appearing.
Consequently, there are two kinds of relationships:
positive (effect: to increase) and Negative
(effect: to reduce).
16. This input scenario represents the
optimum psychological state of a fighter
pilot just before engaging an enemy in
combat. It also shows that he has no
indisposition to face the enemy.
17. Positive behavioral elements activated in
the output vector: Self preservation(3),
Victory(4), Dexterity(6), Anxiety(10),
Emotionality (11), Self control(12),
Synchronization(13), Superiority(14), and
Rebelliousness(18).
18. The output scenario represents a pilot
who has defeated his enemy, with
absolute self confidence and a touch of
arrogance and satisfaction in having
done a good job, who also is difficult to
overcome. It shows an ace of aces of
the air.
19. One of the goals of this paper is to show
how actions at a given time are related
with emotions and how this example
allows us to visualize this phenomenon
We developed an analysis and design of
the Red Baron’s behavior with emphasis
on combat behavior
We have established relationships
between emotions and actions
20. We have developed software that can
use to test this and others causal
matrices (
http://ce.azc.uam.mx/profesores/clc/
You look for it in docencia and
inteligencia artificial)
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