Nicolas Brahami Germany Trade & Invest

1. BATTERY RECYCLING IN GERMANY
EV BATTERY RECYCLING & REUSE 2022,
SEPTEMBER, 6TH 2022
Nicolas Brahami
Associate Investor Consulting
Energy, Building & Environmental Technologies
www.gtai.com
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

2. © GTAI 2
Agenda
1. Market Developments
2. Incentives & Funding
3. Upcoming EU Legislation
4. About Germany Trade & Invest
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

3. © GTAI 3
1. MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

4. © GTAI 4
Based on the Electrification Targets, BEVs in
Use are Expected to Grow Rapidly until 2030
Source: Council of the European Union, 2022
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

5. © GTAI 5
01.01.2019 01.01.2020 01.01.2021 01.01.2022
PEHV BEV
German EV Registrations Have Grown Nearly
Eight-fold in Four Years
Source: Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt, 2022
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

6. © GTAI 6
1.349 2.446 3.814 5.720 8.398
9.253
16.471
26.168
36.156
48.729
01.01.2018 01.01.2019 01.01.2020 01.01.2021 01.01.2022
FCP NCP
The Number of Public Chargers in Germany
Has Grown Six-Fold Since 2018
Source: Federal Network Agency, August 1st, 2022
01.08.2022
NCP 55.570
FCP 10.231
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

7. © GTAI 7
478
135
65
10
87
16
102
70
98
125
110
12
Cell Manufacturers Are Seeking Proximity to
German OEMs
Sum of planned and active projects with a known capacity per country in GWh/a
Source: Gerrit Bockey & Dr. Heiner Heimes in battery-news.de, March 3rd, 2022
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

8. © GTAI 8
Germany is Home to Large Existing and
Planned EV and Cell Production Capacities
Battery cell production
Sources: AMS, Automobil Production (2020), *https://northvolt.com/articles/northvolt-drei/ (2022)
Vvv
Ludwigsfelde: Microvast
Grünheide: Tesla
Leipzig: Porsche
Leipzig: BMW
Kamenz: Daimler
Dresden: Volkswagen
Arnstadt: CATL
Eisenach: Opel
Zwickau: Volkswagen
Dingolfing: BMW
Munich: BMW
Emden: Volkswagen
Bremen: Mercedes
Hanover: Volkswagen
Salzgitter: Volkswagen
Aachen: StreetScooter
Aachen: e.Go
Neckarsulm: Audi
Kaiserslautern: PSA/Opel
Rastatt: Mercedes
Sindelfingen: Mercedes
Stuttgart: Porsche
Electric vehicle production
Heide: Northvolt*
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

9. © GTAI 9
2. INCENTIVES AND FUNDING
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

10. © GTAI 10
Establishing the entire
battery value chain in
Germany has become a
central government
objective - from
materials and cell
manufacturing
through to recycling
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

11. © GTAI 11
Coalition Agreement,
November 2021
Source: Coalition Agreement, November 2021
Image: © GettyImages/Petmal
“Establish an incentive system to encourage the
environmentally sound recycling of certain electrical
appliances and lithium-ion batteries”
“Battery recycling: Germany should become a center for
research, production and recycling of battery cells. The
ongoing and further development of the European
battery projects IPCEI and the establishment of further
cell production sites, including recycling, in Germany
are of central importance”
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

12. © GTAI 12
R&D Support from the German Government
R&D is considered to be among the most important
areas for the development of the German economy
Source: GTAI
• Many federal and state programs allocating R&D grants,
interest-reduced loans, and special partnership programs
• Aim is development of an industrial base for a sustainable
and closed material cycle for battery materials
• Commitment to spend around three percent of national
GDP per year on R&D activities (EUR 110 billion)
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

13. © GTAI 13
Grant for Investments/Personnel
The main funding instrument that significantly lowers investment
project costs is the GRW investment grant
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

14. © GTAI 14
Grant for Investments/Personnel
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

15. © GTAI 15
Note: These are exclusively German players. The chart shows KLIB member companies which are already present in the country
Source: KLIB (http://www.klib-org.de/home/).
KLIB Competence Networking Lithium Ion
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

16. © GTAI 16
Current and Planned Battery Recycling
Capacities are Growing Rapidly
Source: Natalia Soldan & Dr. Heiner Heimes in battery-news.de, July 8th, 2022
Vvv
Schwarzheide: BASF
2024, 15.000 t/a
Aue: Nickelhütte Aue
Installed, 4000 t/a
Zwickau: Erlos
Installed, 950 t/a
Baudenbach: Walch
Installed, 1000 t/a
Bremerhaven: Redux
Installed, 10.000 t/a
Salzgitter: Volkswagen
Installed, 1500 t/a
Hilchenbach: Primobius
Installed, 20.000 t/a
Krefeld: Accurec
Installed, 3250 t/a
Wendeburg: Dusenfeld
Installed, 2900 t/a
Wangerland: Stena
Installed, 350 t/a
Wernberg-Köblitz: Roth
202?, 9000 t/a
Kuppenheim: Opel
2023, 2500 t/a
Heide: Northvolt
2025, X t/a
Hamburg: Aurubis
202?, X t/a
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

17. © GTAI 17
3. UPCOMING EU LEGISLATION
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

18. © GTAI 18
EU Battery Regulation Proposal
In Dec. 2020 the EU Commission has put
forward a proposal for a battery regulation
Source: European Commission (2020)
Note: Future regulatory frame is still in the making (trilogue between EU commission, council and
parliament is ongoing)
• to minimise environmental / social impact of production
• to maximise lifetime performance & durability standards,
repairability, reuse and repurposing
• to optimize recycling collection targets, recycling efficiency /
recovery targets
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

19. © GTAI 19
Proposal asks for a mandatory recycling
content in new batteries
2030
Commission shall
adopt methodology
for calculation &
verification of
targets
2035 …
All EV batteries shall be
accompanied by the
technical documentation
on recycled material
content
EV batteries to contain
minimum required
recycled materials
share:
- Cobalt 12%
- Lithium 4%
- Nickel 4%
EV batteries to contain
minimum required
recycled materials
share:
- Cobalt 20%
- Lithium 10%
- Nickel 12%
2025 2027
Source: European Commission (2020)
Note: Future regulatory frame is still in the making (trilogue between EU commission, council and parliament is ongoing)
Article 8: Recycled content
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

20. © GTAI 20
Proposal asks for more ambitious targets for
battery recyclers
2026
Commission shall
adopt methodology
for calculation &
verification of
targets
2030 …
Recycling processes
shall achieve
minimum recycling
efficiency of 65 %
for lithium-based
batteries
Recycling processes
shall achieve the
following levels of
material recovery:
- Cobalt 90%
- Copper 90%
- Lithium 35%
- Nickel 90%
Minimum recycling
efficiency of 70 % for
lithium-based batteries
2023 2025
Source: European Commission (2020)
Note: Future regulatory frame is still in the making (trilogue between EU commission, council and parliament is ongoing)
Material recovery:
- Cobalt 95%
- Copper 95%
- Lithium 70%
- Nickel 95%
Article 57, Annex XII (B,C): Recycling Efficiencies and Material Recovery Targets
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

21. © GTAI 21
4. ABOUT GERMANY TRADE &
INVEST
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

22. © GTAI 22
What we do
International marketing of Germany as
a business and technology location
Business location consultancy services
for international investors
Economic promotion of the new
federal states and Berlin
Export market information for the
German economy
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

23. © GTAI 23
Expanding to Germany’s recycling sector?
The role of Germany Trade & Invest
Our advisory services include:
• Discussion of the industry environment in Germany and Europe
• Information on tax and legal issues in Germany
• Information on different registration or licensing requirements
• Information on the financing of the project (funding & incentives)
• Identification of location sites and site evaluation incl. site visits
• Joint management with regional economic development agencies
• All services free of charge and strictly confidential
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

24. © GTAI 24
Contact us for more information and
individual project support
Germany Trade & Invest is the economic development agency of the Federal Republic of Germany. The company helps create and secure extra employment opportunities, strengthening Germany as a business location.
With more than 50 offices in Germany and abroad and its network of partners throughout the world, Germany Trade & Invest supports German companies setting up in foreign markets, promotes Germany as a business
location and assists foreign companies setting up in Germany.
Supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag.
© Germany Trade & Invest
All market data, infographic and cartographic material made available by Germany Trade & Invest has been prepared with the utmost care.
Germany Trade & Invest accepts no liability for the actuality, accuracy, or completeness of the information provided.
Nicolas Brahami Flérida Regueira Cortizo
Associate Investor Consulting Senior Manager Investor Consulting
T +49 (0)30 200 099-181 T +49 (0)30 200 099-230
nicolas.brahami@gtai.com flerida.regueira@gtai.com
Friedrichstr. 60 Friedrichstr. 60
10117 Berlin 10117 Berlin
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word

25. © GTAI 25
Thank you very much!
www.gtai.com
Content only valid as presented with the spoken word