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2. LITERATURE II
Teacher: Lic. Alberto Santamaría
Students: a) Edwar Emilio Olmedo Martínez
b) Alejandro Peña
Date: Thursday, March 23, 17

3. Elements of the short story:
Characters:
- Direct characterization: Toby Dammit,
Toby Dammit´s mother, Toby Dammit´s
friend, the little lame old gentleman.
- Indirect characterization: Mr. Coleridge,
Mr. Kant, Mr. Emerson.

4. Setting:
a) Toby Dammit´s home, the river and the
bridge.
b) Time: Past (deceased Toby Dammit)

5. Plot
a) External conflicts: between Toby Dammit and
his friend.
b) Internal conflicts: It occurs in Toby Dammit´s
mind.

6. Five stages of the plot:
a) Exposition: Toby Dammit had many vices, he
had many chastisements from his mother at
home, and he went on increasing his iniquity.
b) Rising action: Toby Dammit came to be a man
and he liked to use the formula “I´ll bet you so
and so” in all his assertions.

7. c) Climax: Toby Dammit offered to bet the
devil his head that he could leap the stile,
and cut a pigeon-wing over it in the air.
d) Falling action: Toby Dammit was
deprived of his head.
e) Resolution: Toby Dammit´s friend was
right because Toby was not able to leap the
stile; Toby was a stubborn person.

8. POINT OF VIEW:
It´s first person point of view because the
narrator is a character in the short story,
that is, Toby Dammit´s friend.

9. THEMES:
a) Vices and bets
b) Mistreatment
c) Pain
d) Poverty
e) Lack of consciousness
f) Pride
g) Anger
h) Death