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White-collar crimes typically involve abuse of trust and position for financial crimes. Cybercrimes use technology like the internet for identity theft, fraud, and other crimes. Terrorism uses violence and force against people or property to coerce governments or populations, such as bombings in London and 9/11. While offender characteristics differ across these crime types, analyzing them provides insight into criminal behavior causes.
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Discussion White-Collar Offenders, Cybercriminals, and Terroris.docx
Discussion: White-Collar Offenders, Cybercriminals, and Terrorists
White-collar offenders are characterized by occupational status with a high level of trust, access, and opportunity for engaging in the criminal offense. Typical white-collar offenses include fraud, embezzlement, tax evasion, and workplace theft. While the consequences of white-collar crime are difficult to measure, the financial losses for victims can be great and ruinous.
Cybercriminals use electronic communication involving the Internet and web-based technologies as an instrument to carry out criminal offenses. Cyberoffenses include a variety of crimes from identity theft and fraud to drug trafficking, organized crime, hate crimes, and illegal sexual activities.
Terrorists use force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population. Examples of terrorism include the 2005 bombings in London and the September 11, 2001 airplane hijackings and crashes in the United States. These horrific events reignited the study of criminal behavior associated with terrorism and facilitated in-depth study into types of terrorists.
Although characteristics associated with offenders who commit white-collar crime, cybercrime, and terrorism may be markedly different from those associated with other crimes, analyzing these characteristics undoubtedly contributes to a greater understanding of the causes of criminal behavior.
By Day 3
Post at least two similarities
and
two differences
between characteristics of white-collar offenders and characteristics of either terrorists or cyberoffenders. Then, describe an insight you might have or a conclusion you might draw based on your comparison.
.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on white-collar crime. It discusses definitions of white-collar crime, types of white-collar crimes, and theoretical frameworks for studying white-collar crime, including criminal-based and crime-based viewpoints. It also outlines objectives, research questions, and methodology for the proposed study, which will examine differences in jail adjustment between white-collar criminals and other criminals based on factors like age, socioeconomic status, criminal history, race, gender, and mental illness. The study aims to test two hypotheses: 1) that white-collar criminals will fare worse in jail than other criminals, or 2) that white-collar criminals will fare better in jail than other criminals.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on white-collar crime submitted by Rebekah Samuel. The proposal discusses white-collar crime theory and definitions. It notes debates around defining white-collar crime based on the offender's characteristics versus the crime's characteristics. The objectives are to study white-collar crime concepts and impacts, analyze types of these crimes, and suggest legal reforms. Literature review discusses definitions from Edwin Sutherland and others, types of white-collar crimes, and challenges in studying this area.
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docx
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
of
Master of Arts
March 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
A dynamic cyber terrorism framework. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security by Ahmad, R. & Yuns, Z., 2012 advance an upsurge of cybercrime over the past few years. This increase is related to the dynamism shown by the integration of cybercrime in the execution of conventional crimes. This literature resource is important to this research as it explores a rather sensitive sector within the borders of the United States which is national security. The United States has many enemies most notably terrorists who target systems of the country’s defense systems. An analysis of this literature breaks down the attacks already conducted against the defense infrastructure as well as highlighting vulnerabilities existing within the sector. As a matter of fact, double standards of some security personnel raise an unprecedented risk since terrorist end up gaining inside knowledge on how to attack systems. Many at times cyber terrorism is neglected when expounding on the scope of cybercrime as more conventional cyber-attacks such as fraud, cyber defamation amongst other get a fair share of attention. A shift from the more obvious forms is evident in this literature as cyber terrorism is not a new form of attack in the context of the United States. As it's rightly opened in this literature, the start of the next world war could be a blackout but not a bang as many people expect. A single code could be enough to put everything in our country to stand still ranging from trains, airport operations, and power plants amongst others. Consequently, this research shall explore the perceived complacency within the defense department so as to make recommendations on how to prevent such attacks. In addition, the defense may have to ensure that its personnel’s loyalty is to the United States and its people alone and that no form ill-intended collaborations shall be made to expose the system’s vulnerabilities to an enemy. Moreover, the public is charged with responsibilities of understanding cyber terrorism to enable them to raise alarm whenever queer activities in the neighborhood are detected.
This literature resource is relevant to the research paper as it creates a general picture of what cybercrime is. Brenner, W. 2010 literature Cybercrime defines literature in its very nature. It occurs in two basic ways which either happen independently or simultaneously. On one hand, computers can be used in the perpetration of cyber-attacks but could be targeted on the other hand. This model carries a lot of weight in understanding how the legal definition of cybercrime is arrived at. Some individuals are ignorant of activities they perform.
Sheet1x1x2x3x4LHSRHSslackObjective function121015110Material 53420.docx
Sheet1x1x2x3x4LHSRHSslackObjective function121015110Material 53420=240240Machine Time0=0Labor0=0
Solution
Values0000Maximize Z = 12x1 + 10x2 + 15x3 + 11x4 (objective function for profit)
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sara E. Berg
University at Albany
Sara E. Berg is a doctoral student in the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany. She also
holds a BS and MS in information technology from the Rochester Institute of Technology and an MA in
criminal justice from the University at Albany. Her primary research interest is computer crime, specif-
ically examining the intersection between technology and crime as it relates to offending and victimiza-
tion. For the past 4 years, she has been carrying out identity theft victimization research, with a focus on
information protection and security.
Abstract
This study employs content analysis of 577 newspaper articles published between 1985 and
2003 to determine causes, correlates, and factors surrounding identity theft. Findings show
that identity theft is a complex sociotechnological problem that follows predictable patterns
of victimization and offending behaviors, which are modeled using network view diagrams
produced with Atlas.ti content analysis software. These diagrammatic models illustrate rela-
tionships between key variables and have important implications for fraud prevention policies
and practices beyond those addressed by existing legislation, regulations, and recommenda-
tions of the federal government, especially as the use and power of computing and Internet
technologies continue to grow.
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes in the United States today, and its numbers
don’t seem to be diminishing. Also known as identity fraud, these two labels are relatively
interchangeable umbrella terms1 that refer to the commission of several fraud crimes in the
United States and in other nations, although naming conventions vary in crime statutes and in
practice vary throughout the world. Identity theft is committed by obtaining unique personal
information and then using that information to impersonate one or more victims, in one or
Chapter 12
Identity Theft Causes, Correlates,
and Factors: A Content Analysis
225
1Although both identity theft and identity fraud refer to the same incident type inside the United States, there
is often more differentiation internationally. Similarly, it has been proposed to break apart the term “identity
theft” and instead further distinguish each individual type (Cheney 2005).
M12_SCHM8860_01_SE_C12.QXD 2/4/08 7:16 PM Page 225
J
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226 Chapter 12 Identity Theft Causes, Correlates, and Factors
TABLE 12-1 Identity Theft Fraud-related Victimization
Credit card fraud 25%
Phone or utilities fraud 16%
Bank fraud 16%
Employment-related fraud 14%
Government document or benefits fraud 10%
Loan fraud 5%
Other assorted incidents 24%
Attempted identity theft 6%
Sou.
A View Of Cyberterrorism Five Years Later
This document provides an assessment of the threat of cyberterrorism five years after an initial assessment. It discusses five categories of indicators that demonstrate terrorist capability or intent to conduct cyberattacks: 1) execution of cyber attacks, 2) acquisition of cyber weapons, 3) statements about cyber attacks, 4) formal IT education, and 5) general cyberspace experience. Two prior studies from 1999-2000 concluded cyberterrorism posed a low threat then, but this assessment is based on evidence found within these five categories to evaluate the current threat, finding some evidence within each category but no acts meeting the definition of cyberterrorism to date.
Brief Discussion of Cyber Crime issues
Cybercrime involves using computers or networks to commit illegal acts. This document defines and discusses various types of cybercrime such as hacking, bank fraud, sextortion, child pornography, cyberbullying, and cyber terrorism. It also outlines how cybercrime can be combated through diffusion, investigation, legislation, penalties, awareness, and intelligence efforts. As an example, the document discusses a case in Pakistan where a woman was arrested for blackmailing a man on social media in violation of the country's cybercrime laws.
Assignment of cyber crimes for oumh1203
This document discusses cyber crimes in Malaysia and the United States. It begins with an introduction that defines cyber crime and its scope. It then covers classifications of cyber crimes such as those against individuals, property, organizations, and society. The document compares cyber crimes between Malaysia and the US, noting that the US leads in identity theft and phishing while Malaysia's most common crimes are malware, scams, and mobile threats. It concludes with suggestions on curbing cyber crimes such as education, using firewalls and security software, practicing safe online behavior, and using strong passwords.
Recommended
Discussion White-Collar Offenders, Cybercriminals, and Terroris.docx
Discussion: White-Collar Offenders, Cybercriminals, and Terrorists
White-collar offenders are characterized by occupational status with a high level of trust, access, and opportunity for engaging in the criminal offense. Typical white-collar offenses include fraud, embezzlement, tax evasion, and workplace theft. While the consequences of white-collar crime are difficult to measure, the financial losses for victims can be great and ruinous.
Cybercriminals use electronic communication involving the Internet and web-based technologies as an instrument to carry out criminal offenses. Cyberoffenses include a variety of crimes from identity theft and fraud to drug trafficking, organized crime, hate crimes, and illegal sexual activities.
Terrorists use force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population. Examples of terrorism include the 2005 bombings in London and the September 11, 2001 airplane hijackings and crashes in the United States. These horrific events reignited the study of criminal behavior associated with terrorism and facilitated in-depth study into types of terrorists.
Although characteristics associated with offenders who commit white-collar crime, cybercrime, and terrorism may be markedly different from those associated with other crimes, analyzing these characteristics undoubtedly contributes to a greater understanding of the causes of criminal behavior.
By Day 3
Post at least two similarities
and
two differences
between characteristics of white-collar offenders and characteristics of either terrorists or cyberoffenders. Then, describe an insight you might have or a conclusion you might draw based on your comparison.
.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on white-collar crime. It discusses definitions of white-collar crime, types of white-collar crimes, and theoretical frameworks for studying white-collar crime, including criminal-based and crime-based viewpoints. It also outlines objectives, research questions, and methodology for the proposed study, which will examine differences in jail adjustment between white-collar criminals and other criminals based on factors like age, socioeconomic status, criminal history, race, gender, and mental illness. The study aims to test two hypotheses: 1) that white-collar criminals will fare worse in jail than other criminals, or 2) that white-collar criminals will fare better in jail than other criminals.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on white-collar crime submitted by Rebekah Samuel. The proposal discusses white-collar crime theory and definitions. It notes debates around defining white-collar crime based on the offender's characteristics versus the crime's characteristics. The objectives are to study white-collar crime concepts and impacts, analyze types of these crimes, and suggest legal reforms. Literature review discusses definitions from Edwin Sutherland and others, types of white-collar crimes, and challenges in studying this area.
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE TH.docx
WHAT ARE THE METHODS THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE THE THREAT TO THE NATION’S CYBER SYSTEMS
A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
By
Daniella Rowell
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the degree
of
Master of Arts
March 2016
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
A dynamic cyber terrorism framework. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security by Ahmad, R. & Yuns, Z., 2012 advance an upsurge of cybercrime over the past few years. This increase is related to the dynamism shown by the integration of cybercrime in the execution of conventional crimes. This literature resource is important to this research as it explores a rather sensitive sector within the borders of the United States which is national security. The United States has many enemies most notably terrorists who target systems of the country’s defense systems. An analysis of this literature breaks down the attacks already conducted against the defense infrastructure as well as highlighting vulnerabilities existing within the sector. As a matter of fact, double standards of some security personnel raise an unprecedented risk since terrorist end up gaining inside knowledge on how to attack systems. Many at times cyber terrorism is neglected when expounding on the scope of cybercrime as more conventional cyber-attacks such as fraud, cyber defamation amongst other get a fair share of attention. A shift from the more obvious forms is evident in this literature as cyber terrorism is not a new form of attack in the context of the United States. As it's rightly opened in this literature, the start of the next world war could be a blackout but not a bang as many people expect. A single code could be enough to put everything in our country to stand still ranging from trains, airport operations, and power plants amongst others. Consequently, this research shall explore the perceived complacency within the defense department so as to make recommendations on how to prevent such attacks. In addition, the defense may have to ensure that its personnel’s loyalty is to the United States and its people alone and that no form ill-intended collaborations shall be made to expose the system’s vulnerabilities to an enemy. Moreover, the public is charged with responsibilities of understanding cyber terrorism to enable them to raise alarm whenever queer activities in the neighborhood are detected.
This literature resource is relevant to the research paper as it creates a general picture of what cybercrime is. Brenner, W. 2010 literature Cybercrime defines literature in its very nature. It occurs in two basic ways which either happen independently or simultaneously. On one hand, computers can be used in the perpetration of cyber-attacks but could be targeted on the other hand. This model carries a lot of weight in understanding how the legal definition of cybercrime is arrived at. Some individuals are ignorant of activities they perform.
Sheet1x1x2x3x4LHSRHSslackObjective function121015110Material 53420.docx
Sheet1x1x2x3x4LHSRHSslackObjective function121015110Material 53420=240240Machine Time0=0Labor0=0
Solution
Values0000Maximize Z = 12x1 + 10x2 + 15x3 + 11x4 (objective function for profit)
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sara E. Berg
University at Albany
Sara E. Berg is a doctoral student in the School of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany. She also
holds a BS and MS in information technology from the Rochester Institute of Technology and an MA in
criminal justice from the University at Albany. Her primary research interest is computer crime, specif-
ically examining the intersection between technology and crime as it relates to offending and victimiza-
tion. For the past 4 years, she has been carrying out identity theft victimization research, with a focus on
information protection and security.
Abstract
This study employs content analysis of 577 newspaper articles published between 1985 and
2003 to determine causes, correlates, and factors surrounding identity theft. Findings show
that identity theft is a complex sociotechnological problem that follows predictable patterns
of victimization and offending behaviors, which are modeled using network view diagrams
produced with Atlas.ti content analysis software. These diagrammatic models illustrate rela-
tionships between key variables and have important implications for fraud prevention policies
and practices beyond those addressed by existing legislation, regulations, and recommenda-
tions of the federal government, especially as the use and power of computing and Internet
technologies continue to grow.
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes in the United States today, and its numbers
don’t seem to be diminishing. Also known as identity fraud, these two labels are relatively
interchangeable umbrella terms1 that refer to the commission of several fraud crimes in the
United States and in other nations, although naming conventions vary in crime statutes and in
practice vary throughout the world. Identity theft is committed by obtaining unique personal
information and then using that information to impersonate one or more victims, in one or
Chapter 12
Identity Theft Causes, Correlates,
and Factors: A Content Analysis
225
1Although both identity theft and identity fraud refer to the same incident type inside the United States, there
is often more differentiation internationally. Similarly, it has been proposed to break apart the term “identity
theft” and instead further distinguish each individual type (Cheney 2005).
M12_SCHM8860_01_SE_C12.QXD 2/4/08 7:16 PM Page 225
J
O
H
N
S
O
N
,
O
L
I
V
I
A
9
1
1
0
226 Chapter 12 Identity Theft Causes, Correlates, and Factors
TABLE 12-1 Identity Theft Fraud-related Victimization
Credit card fraud 25%
Phone or utilities fraud 16%
Bank fraud 16%
Employment-related fraud 14%
Government document or benefits fraud 10%
Loan fraud 5%
Other assorted incidents 24%
Attempted identity theft 6%
Sou.
A View Of Cyberterrorism Five Years Later
This document provides an assessment of the threat of cyberterrorism five years after an initial assessment. It discusses five categories of indicators that demonstrate terrorist capability or intent to conduct cyberattacks: 1) execution of cyber attacks, 2) acquisition of cyber weapons, 3) statements about cyber attacks, 4) formal IT education, and 5) general cyberspace experience. Two prior studies from 1999-2000 concluded cyberterrorism posed a low threat then, but this assessment is based on evidence found within these five categories to evaluate the current threat, finding some evidence within each category but no acts meeting the definition of cyberterrorism to date.
Brief Discussion of Cyber Crime issues
Cybercrime involves using computers or networks to commit illegal acts. This document defines and discusses various types of cybercrime such as hacking, bank fraud, sextortion, child pornography, cyberbullying, and cyber terrorism. It also outlines how cybercrime can be combated through diffusion, investigation, legislation, penalties, awareness, and intelligence efforts. As an example, the document discusses a case in Pakistan where a woman was arrested for blackmailing a man on social media in violation of the country's cybercrime laws.
Assignment of cyber crimes for oumh1203
This document discusses cyber crimes in Malaysia and the United States. It begins with an introduction that defines cyber crime and its scope. It then covers classifications of cyber crimes such as those against individuals, property, organizations, and society. The document compares cyber crimes between Malaysia and the US, noting that the US leads in identity theft and phishing while Malaysia's most common crimes are malware, scams, and mobile threats. It concludes with suggestions on curbing cyber crimes such as education, using firewalls and security software, practicing safe online behavior, and using strong passwords.
Types of crime and violence
This document defines and categorizes different types of crimes. It discusses violent crimes like homicide, assault, robbery, and rape. It also covers property crimes, white-collar crimes, organized crimes, and consensual or victimless crimes. Violent crimes involve physical harm against individuals. Property crimes involve theft of goods without physical harm. White-collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by individuals of high social status for financial gain. Organized crimes are criminal activities committed by groups for profit. Consensual crimes involve willing participation in illegal acts like drug use, gambling, and prostitution that have no clear victims.
Proposal Report of white-collar crime
The document summarizes research on white-collar crime. It discusses debates around defining white-collar crime, with some arguing definitions should focus on the characteristics of criminals and others saying the focus should be on crime characteristics. The document also reviews literature on criminal-based and crime-based approaches to defining and studying white-collar crime. A crime-based definition sees it as illegal acts committed through deception to obtain money, avoid losses, or gain advantages. Crime-based approaches are now more popular among scholars as they allow variables like social status to be examined as predictors.
Cyber Crime.pptx
Cybercrime can take many forms and is broadly categorized into crimes against individuals, property, and governments. Crimes against individuals include cyber stalking and child exploitation, while crimes against property involve theft and robbery carried out online. Crimes against governments, also known as cyber terrorism, involve hacking government and military websites to conduct attacks or spread propaganda in order to cause disruption and panic. Common forms of cybercrime include cyber fraud, cyber terrorism, phishing, and using malware or ransomware to acquire sensitive information or demand money.
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The psychological effects of cyber terrorismMichael L. Gross.docx
The psychological effects of cyber terrorism
Michael L. Gross , Daphna Canetti and Dana R. Vashdi
ABSTRACT
When ordinary citizens think of cyber threats, most are probably worried about their passwords
and banking details, not a terrorist attack. The thought of a shooting in a mall or a bombing at an
airport is probably more frightening than a cyber breach. Yet terrorists aim for mental as well as
physical destruction, and our research has found that, depending on who the attackers and the
victims are, the psychological effects of cyber threats can rival those of traditional terrorism.
KEYWORDS
Cyber security; cyber
terrorism
Cyber aggression has become a daily fact of life in the
21st century, yet for most people it’s still only a reality
in the form of cyber crime – hackers targeting financial
information or other personal details. Politically moti-
vated attacks might threaten them as well, but they
tend to be the concern of governments and corpora-
tions rather than ordinary citizens. The thought of a
terrorist shooting in a mall or bombing in an airport
probably seems far more frightening to the average
person than Russian hackers disrupting government
networks in Estonia or Anonymous breaking into the
police department of Ferguson, Missouri. Cyber terror-
ists, after all, have yet to actually kill or injure anyone.
Yet our research has found this perception of cyber
aggression might not be entirely accurate. The aim of
terrorism, after all, is not just physical destruction, and
depending on who the attackers and the victims are,
the psychological effects of cyber terrorism can be just
as powerful as the real thing.
Defining cyber terrorism
People face cyber aggression on an almost daily basis.
Hackers appropriate, erase, or ransom data, defraud
bank customers, steal identities, or plant malevolent
viruses. In many cases, hackers are criminals out for
pecuniary gain. But sometimes their motives are poli-
tical. Some are “hacktivists,” or cyber activist groups,
like Anonymous, others are terror groups like Hamas
or Islamic State, and still others are agents of national
states like Iran, North Korea, or Russia. They are not
usually after money but pursue a political agenda to
foment for social change, gain political concessions, or
cripple an enemy. Sometimes their means are peaceful,
but other times they are vicious and violent. The lines
often blur. Anonymous will hack the Ferguson police
department just as it will initiate an “electronic
Holocaust” against Israel in support of the Palestinian
cause (Rogers 2014). Islamic activists will use the
Internet not only to recruit members and raise funds
for social welfare projects but also to steal money for
terrorist activities or disseminate information to stoke
fear and demoralize a civilian population. States will
pursue online espionage but also wreak havoc by crash-
ing multiple systems – as did the Russians, allegedly, in
Estonia in 2007, with mass denial-of-service attacks on
gove ...
250 word agree or disagreeThis week we have been tasked with a.docx
250 word agree or disagree
This week we have been tasked with answering the following:
Please discuss organized crime both local, federally, and nationwide and what challenges does technology pose to law enforcement when investigating international organized crime. Please ensure that you make appropriate use, in-text citation, and reference to available source information to support your perspective (be sure to include why you consider these issues important).
Organized crime at the local, federal, national, and international levels affects everyone from the baby being born to the man who is working the Mom and Pop's shop to the elderly. That is because of the fact that criminals are taking advantage of the technology that currently exists and are employing it for their personal gain against their targets. "The council noted that international organized criminals have and may penetrate the energy and other strategic sectors of the economy; provide logistical and other support to terrorists, foreign intelligence services, and governments; smuggle/traffic people and contraband goods into the United States; exploit the United States and international financial system to move illicit funds; use cyberspace to target U.S. victims and infrastructure; manipulate securities exchanges and perpetrate sophisticated frauds; corrupt or seek to corrupt public officials in the United States and abroad; and use violence or the threat of violence as a basis for power" (Finklea, 2010). An example would be spam emails where the receiver would have to input his or her credit card number or Paypal information, etc in order to support a certain organization against animal cruelty, etc when in reality that money goes to a criminal's bank account(s) (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Other means of employing technology for criminal activities include penetrating companies economic sectors, committing credit card fraud by
cloning
cards as well as stealing people's identities and applying for credit on their behalf (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Recruitment for criminal networks also occur through cyberspace where individuals belonging to a certain criminal organizing attempt to recruit individuals through social media or by creating videos, blogs, or other online media in order to target ethnic diaspora and increase their numbers to further their criminal agendas (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Corruption is another method that criminals employ through technology. Criminals can wire transfer funds to corrupt individuals in exchanges for warnings them about police checkpoints or police raids through email or phone calls or text messages or through a social media account (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Law enforcement could face challenges to include certain laws concerning if and how law enforcement can access technology (i.e. Apple iPhones messages, and other content, or Android phones, etc.). An example was when the FBI attempted to break into an iPhone for an investigation .
Corporate role in protecting consumers from the risk of identity theft
The Internet has made it possible for users to be robbed of their reputation, money and credit worthiness by
the click of a mouse. The impact of identity theft severely limits victims’ ability to participate in commerce,
education and normal societal functions. This paper evaluates resurgence in syndicated cyber attacks,
which includes but not limited to identity theft, corporate espionage and cyber warfare taking advantage of
the Internet as a medium of operations. The paper highlights the increase of cyber related attacks in the
past ten years due to lack of transatlantic international corporation between participating countries,
coherent information security policies, data aggregation and sound international laws to facilitate
prosecution of perpetrators. The cyber space coupled with availability of free hacking tools has contributed
to resurgence in syndicated identity theft, corporate espionage and identity theft by organized crime
elements taking advantage of the Internet as a medium of operations. This paper presents conclusive
solution that users, organizations and consumers can enact to protect themselves from the threat of cyber
attacks culminating into identity theft, financial loss or both.
Research Paper on White Collar Crime
This document provides statistics on white collar crimes in the United States. It finds that corporate crimes cause more financial damage than street crimes, with healthcare fraud alone causing $100-400 billion in losses annually, more than all street crimes combined. Additionally, men are more likely to commit white collar crimes than women, and adults are more likely than teenagers. White collar crimes are also poorly prosecuted compared to street crimes, with far fewer offenders being incarcerated.
250 words agree or disagreeWeek 5 ForumMaiwand Khyber(Jul .docx
250 words agree or disagree
Week 5 Forum
Maiwand Khyber(Jul 31, 2019 1:01 PM) - Read by: 1
Reply
Organized crime refers to the crime conducted by local, national, or international groupings. These groups are highly centralized enterprises and are run by criminals who are engaged in illegal conduct for profit intention. They have an organized hierarchy, non-ideological motives, and are governed by rules and codes (Jones and Bartlett Learning, n.d.).
Three major types of organized crime include gang criminality, racketeering, and syndicate crime. Gang criminals are usually engaged in local offense like robbery, vehicle theft, kidnapping, ransom, and murder. They are hardened criminals who are dangerous to society. Racketeering is an activity in which the criminal gang is involved in extorting money from legitimate as well as illegitimate businesses by the use of intimidation. It consists in selling adulterated commodities, deceiving people, selling spurious drugs, and so forth. Racketeers usually don’t take away all profits and share it with the owners of businesses. In return, they want fixed money from the owners of illegal activities and allow prostitution, liquor selling, and gambling to continue unabated. Syndicate crime refers to the furnishing of unlawful goods and services by organized criminal groups, often known as mafia. Illegal products include liquor and drugs, while illicit services involve trafficking of girls, gambling, and so forth.
Several groups as The Cosa Nostra, The Russian mafia, The Mexican drug cartels, and The Asian Organized Crime Groups have been considered as criminal groups involved in the organized crime at national and transnational levels. International criminal groups operate under various structures with stable hierarchies and network. They try to influence government policies by using corrupt as well as legitimate methods (The United States Department of Justice, 2015).
With changing industrial contours, organized crime has also shifted from traditional ways to tech-savvy crimes (example: cybercrime). It has exploited technological advancements and communication strategies to expand cross-border. This high-tech realm has made many crimes an international threat rather than a local danger. Today, these crimes are conducted by nimble and loosely structured groups that have a global reach. Refined telephone networks have fostered rapid communication, thereby revolutionizing the illicit commerce (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012).
While technology has facilitated the growth of organized crime, challenges posed by technological advancements in tracking and investigating organized crime need special mention. Investigation of cases has become difficult because of the sophisticated screening options as firewalls. In a drug investigation case that was carried out jointly by the United States and Colombian authorities, it was found that the presence of the firewall made it intricate for authorities to reach them.
Stalking2
This document discusses cyberstalking, including:
1) Cyberstalking involves using technology like email, social media, and the internet to harass and stalk victims. It can cause psychological harm even if no physical threats are made.
2) There are three primary ways cyberstalkers operate: email stalking, internet stalking by posting information online, and computer stalking by gaining control of a victim's device.
3) Cyberstalkers motives include sexual harassment, obsession over a former relationship, revenge, ego, and power trips. Common victims are women, children, and those new to technology.
Preventive measures include warning potential stalkers to stop contact,
Cybercrime in Iraq
This document discusses cybercrime in Iraq. It begins with definitions of cybercrime and various types of cybercrimes such as hacking, theft, cyber stalking, and identity theft. It then analyzes cybercrime statistics and cases in Iraq between 2006-2011, finding that cases increased by an average of 246.2% annually. Common cybercrime types in Iraq are discussed, with many cases involving social media sites like Facebook. The document also examines cybercrime legislation in Middle Eastern countries and discusses the emerging threat of cyber terrorism from ISIS and their online recruitment efforts.
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FIGHTING IDENTITY THEFT AC...
The study is focused on identity theft and cybersecurity in United States. Hence, the study is aimed at examining the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States using a time series data which covers the period between 2001 and 2021. Trend analysis of complaints of identity theft and cybersecurity over the years was conducted; also, the nature of relationship between the two variables was established. Chi-Square analysis was used to examine the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States. Line graphs were used to analyze the trend in the variable. Time series data was used in the study and the data was obtained from secondary sources; Statista.com, US Federal Trade Commission, Insurance Information Institute and Identitytheft.org. Result from the study revealed that consumers’ complaints on identity theft were on the increase every year. Total spending of the economy (both private and public
sector) on cybersecurity was on continuous increase over the years. More than 100% of spending in 2010 as incurred in 2018. The Chi-Square analysis revealed that cybersecurity does not have significant impact on identity theft. The study recommended that the government increase the level of public awareness to ensure that members of the public protect their personal and other information to ensure that they are not compromised for fraud or identity theft. Organizations also need to invest more in the security system and develop policies that will support the security system. At the country level, international treaties and collaboration should be encouraged to prosecute the fraudsters hiding behind national borders.
Cyber crime
Cybercrime refers to criminal acts that involve computers and networks. There are two categories of cybercrime - crimes that directly target computers, like viruses and denial of service attacks, and crimes that use computers/networks to enable other crimes, such as fraud, identity theft, and phishing scams. Experts define cybercrimes as offenses committed using technologies like the internet or mobile phones to intentionally harm victims. Governments are increasingly concerned with cyber terrorism and cyber warfare between nations.
Crime in the Internet Age
According to the 2014 Internet Crime Report published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and conducted by the National White Collar Crime Center, the United States is the world’s leading country in terms of cybercrime-related reports. The survey revealed that of the 269,422 reported cases, 123,684 involved a monetary loss averaging at $2,971 each.
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Why Are So Many People Uninsured and Underinsured?
Introduction:
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Using 500 to 700 words, complete the following:
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and
gaps in coverage).
APA Style.
This is a
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Identify the quarter and year when EACH PEAK occurred. (Ignore the first and last point).
Identify the quarter and year when EACH TROUGH occurred.(Ignore the first and last point).
How many cycles appear over this period?
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Identify the year when EACH PEAK occurred.(Ignore the .
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There must be at least two APA formatted references (and APA in-text citation) to support your thoughts in the post. Do not use direct quotes, rather rephrase the author's words and continue to use in-text citations.
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Why are emotional intelligence and social skills important for leadership explain.
How can leadership impact on organizational success or failure what can leaders do to facilitate organizational performance explain.
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Why are equal employment opportunity laws necessary?
Pick an EEO law, describe its provisions then discuss why this law is important to you?
Discuss the methods used by your employer (or a previous employer) which demonstrate their adherence to EEO laws and regulations.
.
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The psychological effects of cyber terrorism
Michael L. Gross , Daphna Canetti and Dana R. Vashdi
ABSTRACT
When ordinary citizens think of cyber threats, most are probably worried about their passwords
and banking details, not a terrorist attack. The thought of a shooting in a mall or a bombing at an
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KEYWORDS
Cyber security; cyber
terrorism
Cyber aggression has become a daily fact of life in the
21st century, yet for most people it’s still only a reality
in the form of cyber crime – hackers targeting financial
information or other personal details. Politically moti-
vated attacks might threaten them as well, but they
tend to be the concern of governments and corpora-
tions rather than ordinary citizens. The thought of a
terrorist shooting in a mall or bombing in an airport
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person than Russian hackers disrupting government
networks in Estonia or Anonymous breaking into the
police department of Ferguson, Missouri. Cyber terror-
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Yet our research has found this perception of cyber
aggression might not be entirely accurate. The aim of
terrorism, after all, is not just physical destruction, and
depending on who the attackers and the victims are,
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Defining cyber terrorism
People face cyber aggression on an almost daily basis.
Hackers appropriate, erase, or ransom data, defraud
bank customers, steal identities, or plant malevolent
viruses. In many cases, hackers are criminals out for
pecuniary gain. But sometimes their motives are poli-
tical. Some are “hacktivists,” or cyber activist groups,
like Anonymous, others are terror groups like Hamas
or Islamic State, and still others are agents of national
states like Iran, North Korea, or Russia. They are not
usually after money but pursue a political agenda to
foment for social change, gain political concessions, or
cripple an enemy. Sometimes their means are peaceful,
but other times they are vicious and violent. The lines
often blur. Anonymous will hack the Ferguson police
department just as it will initiate an “electronic
Holocaust” against Israel in support of the Palestinian
cause (Rogers 2014). Islamic activists will use the
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for social welfare projects but also to steal money for
terrorist activities or disseminate information to stoke
fear and demoralize a civilian population. States will
pursue online espionage but also wreak havoc by crash-
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250 word agree or disagree
This week we have been tasked with answering the following:
Please discuss organized crime both local, federally, and nationwide and what challenges does technology pose to law enforcement when investigating international organized crime. Please ensure that you make appropriate use, in-text citation, and reference to available source information to support your perspective (be sure to include why you consider these issues important).
Organized crime at the local, federal, national, and international levels affects everyone from the baby being born to the man who is working the Mom and Pop's shop to the elderly. That is because of the fact that criminals are taking advantage of the technology that currently exists and are employing it for their personal gain against their targets. "The council noted that international organized criminals have and may penetrate the energy and other strategic sectors of the economy; provide logistical and other support to terrorists, foreign intelligence services, and governments; smuggle/traffic people and contraband goods into the United States; exploit the United States and international financial system to move illicit funds; use cyberspace to target U.S. victims and infrastructure; manipulate securities exchanges and perpetrate sophisticated frauds; corrupt or seek to corrupt public officials in the United States and abroad; and use violence or the threat of violence as a basis for power" (Finklea, 2010). An example would be spam emails where the receiver would have to input his or her credit card number or Paypal information, etc in order to support a certain organization against animal cruelty, etc when in reality that money goes to a criminal's bank account(s) (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Other means of employing technology for criminal activities include penetrating companies economic sectors, committing credit card fraud by
cloning
cards as well as stealing people's identities and applying for credit on their behalf (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Recruitment for criminal networks also occur through cyberspace where individuals belonging to a certain criminal organizing attempt to recruit individuals through social media or by creating videos, blogs, or other online media in order to target ethnic diaspora and increase their numbers to further their criminal agendas (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Corruption is another method that criminals employ through technology. Criminals can wire transfer funds to corrupt individuals in exchanges for warnings them about police checkpoints or police raids through email or phone calls or text messages or through a social media account (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Law enforcement could face challenges to include certain laws concerning if and how law enforcement can access technology (i.e. Apple iPhones messages, and other content, or Android phones, etc.). An example was when the FBI attempted to break into an iPhone for an investigation .
Corporate role in protecting consumers from the risk of identity theft
The Internet has made it possible for users to be robbed of their reputation, money and credit worthiness by
the click of a mouse. The impact of identity theft severely limits victims’ ability to participate in commerce,
education and normal societal functions. This paper evaluates resurgence in syndicated cyber attacks,
which includes but not limited to identity theft, corporate espionage and cyber warfare taking advantage of
the Internet as a medium of operations. The paper highlights the increase of cyber related attacks in the
past ten years due to lack of transatlantic international corporation between participating countries,
coherent information security policies, data aggregation and sound international laws to facilitate
prosecution of perpetrators. The cyber space coupled with availability of free hacking tools has contributed
to resurgence in syndicated identity theft, corporate espionage and identity theft by organized crime
elements taking advantage of the Internet as a medium of operations. This paper presents conclusive
solution that users, organizations and consumers can enact to protect themselves from the threat of cyber
attacks culminating into identity theft, financial loss or both.
Research Paper on White Collar Crime
This document provides statistics on white collar crimes in the United States. It finds that corporate crimes cause more financial damage than street crimes, with healthcare fraud alone causing $100-400 billion in losses annually, more than all street crimes combined. Additionally, men are more likely to commit white collar crimes than women, and adults are more likely than teenagers. White collar crimes are also poorly prosecuted compared to street crimes, with far fewer offenders being incarcerated.
250 words agree or disagreeWeek 5 ForumMaiwand Khyber(Jul .docx
250 words agree or disagree
Week 5 Forum
Maiwand Khyber(Jul 31, 2019 1:01 PM) - Read by: 1
Reply
Organized crime refers to the crime conducted by local, national, or international groupings. These groups are highly centralized enterprises and are run by criminals who are engaged in illegal conduct for profit intention. They have an organized hierarchy, non-ideological motives, and are governed by rules and codes (Jones and Bartlett Learning, n.d.).
Three major types of organized crime include gang criminality, racketeering, and syndicate crime. Gang criminals are usually engaged in local offense like robbery, vehicle theft, kidnapping, ransom, and murder. They are hardened criminals who are dangerous to society. Racketeering is an activity in which the criminal gang is involved in extorting money from legitimate as well as illegitimate businesses by the use of intimidation. It consists in selling adulterated commodities, deceiving people, selling spurious drugs, and so forth. Racketeers usually don’t take away all profits and share it with the owners of businesses. In return, they want fixed money from the owners of illegal activities and allow prostitution, liquor selling, and gambling to continue unabated. Syndicate crime refers to the furnishing of unlawful goods and services by organized criminal groups, often known as mafia. Illegal products include liquor and drugs, while illicit services involve trafficking of girls, gambling, and so forth.
Several groups as The Cosa Nostra, The Russian mafia, The Mexican drug cartels, and The Asian Organized Crime Groups have been considered as criminal groups involved in the organized crime at national and transnational levels. International criminal groups operate under various structures with stable hierarchies and network. They try to influence government policies by using corrupt as well as legitimate methods (The United States Department of Justice, 2015).
With changing industrial contours, organized crime has also shifted from traditional ways to tech-savvy crimes (example: cybercrime). It has exploited technological advancements and communication strategies to expand cross-border. This high-tech realm has made many crimes an international threat rather than a local danger. Today, these crimes are conducted by nimble and loosely structured groups that have a global reach. Refined telephone networks have fostered rapid communication, thereby revolutionizing the illicit commerce (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012).
While technology has facilitated the growth of organized crime, challenges posed by technological advancements in tracking and investigating organized crime need special mention. Investigation of cases has become difficult because of the sophisticated screening options as firewalls. In a drug investigation case that was carried out jointly by the United States and Colombian authorities, it was found that the presence of the firewall made it intricate for authorities to reach them.
Stalking2
This document discusses cyberstalking, including:
1) Cyberstalking involves using technology like email, social media, and the internet to harass and stalk victims. It can cause psychological harm even if no physical threats are made.
2) There are three primary ways cyberstalkers operate: email stalking, internet stalking by posting information online, and computer stalking by gaining control of a victim's device.
3) Cyberstalkers motives include sexual harassment, obsession over a former relationship, revenge, ego, and power trips. Common victims are women, children, and those new to technology.
Preventive measures include warning potential stalkers to stop contact,
Cybercrime in Iraq
This document discusses cybercrime in Iraq. It begins with definitions of cybercrime and various types of cybercrimes such as hacking, theft, cyber stalking, and identity theft. It then analyzes cybercrime statistics and cases in Iraq between 2006-2011, finding that cases increased by an average of 246.2% annually. Common cybercrime types in Iraq are discussed, with many cases involving social media sites like Facebook. The document also examines cybercrime legislation in Middle Eastern countries and discusses the emerging threat of cyber terrorism from ISIS and their online recruitment efforts.
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FIGHTING IDENTITY THEFT AC...
The study is focused on identity theft and cybersecurity in United States. Hence, the study is aimed at examining the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States using a time series data which covers the period between 2001 and 2021. Trend analysis of complaints of identity theft and cybersecurity over the years was conducted; also, the nature of relationship between the two variables was established. Chi-Square analysis was used to examine the impact of cybersecurity on identity theft in United States. Line graphs were used to analyze the trend in the variable. Time series data was used in the study and the data was obtained from secondary sources; Statista.com, US Federal Trade Commission, Insurance Information Institute and Identitytheft.org. Result from the study revealed that consumers’ complaints on identity theft were on the increase every year. Total spending of the economy (both private and public
sector) on cybersecurity was on continuous increase over the years. More than 100% of spending in 2010 as incurred in 2018. The Chi-Square analysis revealed that cybersecurity does not have significant impact on identity theft. The study recommended that the government increase the level of public awareness to ensure that members of the public protect their personal and other information to ensure that they are not compromised for fraud or identity theft. Organizations also need to invest more in the security system and develop policies that will support the security system. At the country level, international treaties and collaboration should be encouraged to prosecute the fraudsters hiding behind national borders.
Cyber crime
Cybercrime refers to criminal acts that involve computers and networks. There are two categories of cybercrime - crimes that directly target computers, like viruses and denial of service attacks, and crimes that use computers/networks to enable other crimes, such as fraud, identity theft, and phishing scams. Experts define cybercrimes as offenses committed using technologies like the internet or mobile phones to intentionally harm victims. Governments are increasingly concerned with cyber terrorism and cyber warfare between nations.
Crime in the Internet Age
According to the 2014 Internet Crime Report published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and conducted by the National White Collar Crime Center, the United States is the world’s leading country in terms of cybercrime-related reports. The survey revealed that of the 269,422 reported cases, 123,684 involved a monetary loss averaging at $2,971 each.
Similar to White-collar offenders are characterized by occupational status with.docx (14)
The psychological effects of cyber terrorismMichael L. Gross.docx
The psychological effects of cyber terrorismMichael L. Gross.docx
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250 word agree or disagreeThis week we have been tasked with a.docx
Corporate role in protecting consumers from the risk of identity theft
Corporate role in protecting consumers from the risk of identity theft
250 words agree or disagreeWeek 5 ForumMaiwand Khyber(Jul .docx
250 words agree or disagreeWeek 5 ForumMaiwand Khyber(Jul .docx
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FIGHTING IDENTITY THEFT AC...
A REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FIGHTING IDENTITY THEFT AC...
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extraordinarily narrow image, given the richness and diversity of its manifestations.
Furthermore, its globally bad reputation jeopardizes the acknowledgment of its most
talented creators. Comic art’s continuing inability to reap the symbolic benefits of its
most accomplished achievements is particularly striking and merits elucidation. This is
the subject I would like to reflect upon today. Some of the points I will make concern
the specific history and situation of French comics and cannot be applied to other
national situations without some adaptation.
I will start by evoking some of the paradoxes of the history of the 9th art.
Modern (printed) comics appeared in the 1830s—in the form of Rodolphe Töpffer’s
pioneering work1—which makes them more or less contemporary with the invention
of photography. And yet, it was not until the 1960s that the French language found a
permanent name for this mode of expression—that was, by then, over a hundred years
old. During this long period, comics were known, not as bandes dessinées (literally strips
that have been drawn) but, successively or indiscriminately, as histoires en estampes, which
is Töpffer’s own term (stories told in prints), histoires en images (picture stories), récits
illustrés (illustrated tales), films dessinés (films made of drawings) and of course, comics.
Translated by Shirley Smolderen. Reprinted by permission from Anne Magnussen and Hans-Christian Christiansen, eds.,
Comics and Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics (Museum Tusculanum Press, 2000), 29–41.
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EBSCO : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 10/6/2019 8:47 PM via MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
AN: 458766 ; Heer, Jeet, .
Whose voices are amplifiedWhose voices are suppressedWhat .docx
Whose voices are amplified?
Whose voices are suppressed?
What is being shared (articles, links, conversations...)?
How does an 'open' platform like Twitter help learners and educators? [Twitter is open in that it is free to access on the web. It is most emphatically not open in how it does business.]
How can Twitter harm learners and educators?
How can Twitter be used to increase access to education?
In what ways does Twitter support OER-Enabled Pedagogy?
.
Whos the bossIn a holacracy, there isnt one. It isnt as flak.docx
Who's the boss?
In a holacracy, there isn't one. It isn't as flaky as it sounds--even larger companies like Zappos are kissing hierarchy goodbye
The first thing the advocates of holacracy would like to clear up is that, even though it's a management philosophy about getting rid of managers, this doesn't mean pushing a company into anarchy, or even hippy-dippy Montessori indulgence. Quite the opposite: They suggest holacracy is about companies growing up.
Take Phil Caravaggio, the founder of Precision Nutrition, a 60-person Toronto firm specializing in tailored life coaching. As his firm grew past the point where it could be run informally on the strength of personal relationships, he went looking for a way to structure the company without setting up yet another deadening corporate hierarchy.
His search led him to holacracy, a governance method that emerged from a software firm in Pennsylvania, of all places, over the last decade. Since then, holacracy has racked up a number of big-name adherents, most notably Zappos, the 1,500-employee, Amazon-owned online footwear store, and the chatter has been growing.
"It's a system for giving everyone real clear autonomy without everything devolving into chaos," explains Caravaggio, speaking over sparkling water in a corner of the Soho club in downtown Toronto.
Caravaggio might be said to head up the firm, though this is where things get fuzzy, because in addition to rejecting hierarchy, holacracy also eschews job titles. When pressed, he says he's technically the "lead link of the general company circle"; one senses that he's had a lot of practice explaining this to people.
In a holacracy, the organization is grouped into a series of concentric, autonomous circles--say, a finance circle, a marketing circle that might contain a web-design circle, all within a big circle that represents the company itself.
Every circle has a leader, who does many of the things a traditional boss does, like deciding on priorities and assigning who does what on the team. But no circle's leader is allowed to butt in on the decision-making process of any other circle--even the smaller ones.
The way these circles speak to each other is one of holacracy's hallmarks. In a traditional organization, the team managers typically represent their teams in meetings. But this puts managers in a bind: On one hand, they have to champion their team's interests to the company; on the other, they have to be the ones to impose their superior's decisions on their team--two roles that can be completely at odds. In a holacracy, each circle elects a representative who's not the leader to sit in other circles, report on their team's progress, and express its concerns to the broader company.
In fact, everything about the way a holacracy works is determined by a set of written rules. It's all laid out in a detailed, but surprisingly concise, 30-page constitution: who is allowed to do what, how meetings are run, how decisions get made, and how to mak.
Whooping Cough is a disease that doctors may no longer recognize bec.docx
Whooping Cough is a disease that doctors may no longer recognize because it has become so rare. Alarms went off in California in the autumn of 2011 when nine infants died from the disease. There have been outbreaks of other preventable diseases such as a 2013 mumps outbreak in Monmouth County New Jersey, and a 2015 measles outbreak at Disneyland in California. In 200 to 400 words, please discuss a recent outbreak. Include at last two scholarly references (using APA formatting and style) to guide your discussion.
.
WHO’S WITH ME FALSE CONSENSUS, BROKERAGE, ANDETHICAL DECISI.docx
WHO’S WITH ME? FALSE CONSENSUS, BROKERAGE, AND
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN ORGANIZATIONS
FRANCIS J. FLYNN
Stanford University
SCOTT S. WILTERMUTH
University of Southern California
We propose that organization members overestimate the degree to which others share
their views on ethical matters. Further, we argue that being a broker in an advice
network exacerbates this false consensus bias. That is, a high level of “betweenness
centrality” increases an individual’s estimates of agreement with others on ethical
issues beyond what is warranted by any actual increase in agreement. We tested these
ideas in three separate samples: graduate business students, executive students, and
employees. Individuals with higher betweenness centrality overestimated the level of
agreement between their ethical judgments and their colleagues’.
For members of organizations, ethical standards
can help guide individual decision making by clar-
ifying what the majority of others believe is appro-
priate. But given that ethical standards often are
tacitly held, rather than explicitly agreed upon
(Haidt, 2001; Turiel, 2002), individuals may strug-
gle to recognize the normative view—what most
others believe is the “right” course of action. Peo-
ple’s tendencies to project their own opinions can
alter their judgments about what others think is
ethical, perhaps giving them a sense of being in the
majority even when they are not. The ramifications
of this false consensus effect may be problematic: if
members of organizations erroneously assume that
their actions are in line with prevailing ethical
principles, they may subsequently learn of their
misjudgment when it is too late to avert the
consequences.
In the present research, we examine whether bro-
kers in a social network show evidence of false
consensus in ethical decision making. Because bro-
kers span structural holes (missing relationships
that inhibit information flow between people [see
Burt, 1992]), one might assume that these individ-
uals possess greater insight into others’ attitudes
and behaviors. But can acting as a broker (i.e., hav-
ing “betweenness”) inform a focal individual about
his or her peers’ ethical views? In interactions with
colleagues, people generally refrain from initiating
moral dialogue; rather, they prefer to discuss less
sensitive attitudes and opinions (Sabini & Silver,
1982). We argue that this tendency to avoid moral
discourse and instead discuss superficial connec-
tions worsens the false consensus bias in ethical
decision making, providing an illusion of consen-
sus where none exists.
The notion that having an advantageous position
in a social network might exacerbate, rather than
mitigate, false consensus bias in ethical decision
making represents a novel insight for those inter-
ested in the link between social networks and in-
dividual judgment. Prior work on identifying the
determinants of false consensus has focused pri-
marily on motivational drivers, such as ego protec.
Who Says ElephantsCan’t DanceLeading a GreatE.docx
Who Says Elephants
Can’t Dance?
Leading a Great
Enterprise Through
Dramatic Change
Louis V.
Gerstner, Jr.
This book is dedicated to the thousands of IBMers who never gave
up on their company, their colleagues, and themselves. They are the
real heroes of the reinvention of IBM.
Contents
viiForeword
1Introduction
7PART I-GRABBING HOLD
9 1 The Courtship
18 2 The Announcement
29 3 Drinking from a Fire Hose
41 4 Out to the Field
49 5 Operation Bear Hug
56 6 Stop the Bleeding (and Hold the Vision)
73 7 Creating the Leadership Team
83 8 Creating a Global Enterprise
88 9 Reviving the Brand
9310 Resetting the Corporate Compensation Philosophy
10311 Back on the Beach
111PART II-STRATEGY
11312 A Brief History of IBM
12113 Making the Big Bets
12814 Services—the Key to Integration
13615 Building the World’s Already Biggest Software Business
14616 Opening the Company Store
15317 Unstacking the Stack and Focusing the Portfolio
16518 The Emergence of e-business
17619 Reflections on Strategy
179PART III-CULTURE
18120 On Corporate Culture
18921 An Inside-Out World
20022 Leading by Principles
217PART IV-LESSONS LEARNED
21923 Focus—You Have to Know (and Love) Your Business
22924 Execution—Strategy Goes Only So Far
23525 Leadership Is Personal
24226 Elephants Can Dance
25327 IBM—a Farewell
259APPENDICES
261Appendix A—The Future of e-business
277Appendix B—Financial Overview
287Index
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
CREDITS
COVER
COPYRIGHT
ABOUT THE PUBLISHER
Foreword
I have never said to myself, “Gee, I think I want to write abook.” I am not a book writer. Until now I haven’t had the
time or the inclination to lean back and reflect on my thirty-five
years in business. I haven’t had the patience it takes to sit down for
a long time and create a book. Throughout my business life I have
been wary of telling others how to manage their enterprises based
on my personal experiences.
And, frankly, I wasn’t sure if anyone would be interested in
reading my thoughts. I read a lot of books, but not many about
business. After a twelve-hour day at the office, who would want to
go home and read about someone else’s career at the office?
I have always believed you cannot run a successful enterprise
from behind a desk. That’s why, during my nine years as Chief Ex-
ecutive Officer of International Business Machines Corporation, I
have flown more than I million miles and met with untold thousands
of IBM customers, business partners, and employees. Over the past
two years, after people began speculating that my retirement might
be just around the corner, I thought I’d get a lot of big-picture
questions that outgoing CEOs get about the economy, the world, and
the future. Instead, I have been surprised by how many times—at
big meetings and small ones, and even at private sessions with CEOs
and heads of state—I was asked: “How did you save IBM?” “What
was it like when you got there?” “What were the problems?” “What
specific things.
Who were Buffon and Fourier and what contributions did they make to .docx
Who were Buffon and Fourier and what contributions did they make to advance science in the 18th century? What role did Georges Cuvier play in their scientific lives? How did later scientists view the three men's contributions?
-Minimum of 1-2 typed, single-spaced pages
-Any quotations or other supporting evidence needs to be properly cited
- submit into turnitin
.
Who was Immanuel Kant What is deontology and what is the main thoug.docx
Who was Immanuel Kant? What is deontology and what is the main thought premise surrounding this ethical theory? How does that differ from Egoism and which is better in your opinion?
Discussion: around 100-200 words.
Need soon.
Make it nice and simple with proper citation/references.
Thanks
Budget $2
.
Whom to PromoteOne of the problems, Lael Matthews has had t.docx
Whom to Promote?
One of the problems, Lael Matthews has had to deal with to climb the corporate ladder is the glass ceiling issue for minorities and women. In her current position, she must decide which of three managers to promote. Her superior has informed her that making the wrong decision would not be good, either internally or externally. These are the candidates:
Liz (African American, divorced, one child) graduated in the middle of her college class (Northwest State). She has been with the company for five years and in the industry for eight years, with average performance ratings but a high energy level. She has had some difficulties managing her staff. Her child has had medical problems and so higher pay would be helpful. If promoted, Liz would be the first African American female manager at this level. Lael has only known Liz for a short time, but they seem to have hit it off. In fact, Lael once babysat Liz’s daughter, Janeen, in an emergency. One downside to promoting Lael is the impression that Lael would be playing favorites.
Roy (white, 57, married, three children) graduated from a private university in the top half of his class. Roy has been with the company for twenty years and in the industry for thirty. He has always been a steady performer with mostly average ratings. Roy has been passed over for promotion previously because he refused to relocate but that is no longer a problem (his children are grown). Roy’s energy level is average to low, however he has produced many of the company’s top sales performers in the past. This promotion would be his last before retirement and many in the company feel that he has earned it. In fact, one senior manager stopped Lael in the hall and said, “You know, Lael, Roy has been with us for a long time. He has done many good things for the company, sacrificing not only himself but also his family. I really hope you can see your way to promoting him. It would be a favor to me that I wouldn’t forget.”
Quang Yeh (female, Asian, 28, single) graduated from State University in the top 3% of her class and has been with the company for four years. She is known for putting in 60-hour work weeks and for her meticulous management style which has generated some criticism from her sales staff. The last area she managed showed record sales increases despite the loss of several older accounts that for some reason did not like dealing with Quang. One fact about Quang is that at her previous place of work, she sued that company for discrimination and won. A comment that Lael had heard from that company was that Quang was intense and that nothing would stop her from reaching her goals. As Lael was going through her notes, another upper management individual came to her office and said, “You know, Lael, Quang is engaged to my son. I’ve looked over her personnel files and she looks very good. She looks like a rising star, which would indicate that she should be promoted as quickly as possible. I realize th.
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White-collar offenders are characterized by occupational status with.docx
- 1. White-collar offenders are characterized by occupational status with a high level of trust, access, and opportunity for engaging in the criminal offense. Typical white-collar offenses include fraud, embezzlement, tax evasion, and workplace theft. While the consequences of white-collar crime are difficult to measure, the financial losses for victims can be great and ruinous. Cybercriminals use electronic communication involving the Internet and web-based technologies as an instrument to carry out criminal offenses. Cyberoffenses include a variety of crimes from identity theft and fraud to drug trafficking, organized crime, hate crimes, and illegal sexual activities. Terrorists use force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population. Examples of terrorism include the 2005 bombings in London and the September 11, 2001 airplane hijackings and crashes in the United States. These horrific events reignited the study of criminal behavior associated with terrorism and facilitated in- depth study into types of terrorists. Although characteristics associated with offenders who commit white-collar crime, cybercrime, and terrorism may be markedly different from those associated with other crimes, analyzing these characteristics undoubtedly contributes to a greater understanding of the causes of criminal behavior. Post at least two similarities and two differences between characteristics of white-collar offenders and characteristics of either terrorists or cyberoffenders. Then,
- 2. describe an insight you might have or a conclusion you might draw based on your comparison. Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the resources. Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.