The document discusses key concepts in quality engineering including definitions of quality, quality perspectives, and quality approaches. It defines quality as having three dimensions: quality of design, quality of conformance, and quality of performance. Quality planning aims to identify customer needs and develop products and services to meet or exceed expectations. Quality control focuses on conforming to specifications while quality improvement eliminates waste. The cost of poor quality considers the expenses associated with defects and nonconformance from the design, manufacturing and customer usage stages.

1. TI142312 - QUALITY ENGINEERING
Quality Concepts
NANI KURNIATI, PhD
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER (ITS)

2. Outline
1. What is Quality ?
2. QP, QC, QI, QA
3. COST OF Q

3. 1. What is Quality?

4. Quality in
dictionaries
 characteristics of a product or service that
bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied
needs”
–Business dictionary, ISO 8402-1986
 “The standard of something as measured
against other things of a similar kind; the
degree of excellence of something”
- English Oxford Dictionaries
 "the totality of features and c“how good
or bad something is”
- Cambridge dictionary, Longman
dictionary
 “degree of excellence; superiority in kind; a
distinguishing attribute”
- Merriam-webster dictionary

5. Quality in
dictionaries
NOUN :
1. an essential or distinctive characteristic, property, or attribute:
2. character or nature, as belonging to or distinguishing a thing:
the quality of a sound.
3. character with respect to fineness, or grade of excellence:
food of poor quality; silks of fine quality.
4. high grade; superiority; excellence : wood grain of quality.
5. a personality or character trait : kindness is one of her many good qualities.
6. native excellence or superiority.
7. an accomplishment or attainment.
ADJECTIVE:
1. of or having superior quality : quality paper.
2. producing or providing products or services of high quality or merit :
a quality publisher.
3. of or occupying high social status : a quality family.
4. marked by a concentrated expenditure of involvement, concern, or
commitment:
Counselors are urging that working parents try to spend more quality
time with their children.

6. Q
meanings
Three dimensions :
1. Q of design
2. Q of conformance
3. Q of performance
Meaning of quality video

7. Q
meanings
Q of design
 designing quality
characteristics into a product
or service
 Making sure a product or
service is produced according
to design
 A Mercedes and a Ford are
equally “fit for
transportations”, but with
different design and
dimensions
7

8. Q
meanings
Q of Conformance
 Q must consider product specifications
 if new tires do not conform to specifications, they
wobble
 if a hotel room is not clean when a guest checks in,
the hotel is not functioning according to
specifications of its design
8

9. Q
meanings
•This is a traditional definition
•Quality of design
•Quality of conformance
9

10. Q
meanings
•This is a modern definition of quality
•Variability in the important characteristic of a product
10

11. Example
variance:
□ Japan Vs USA
□ Why ? less variability = lower
costs
□ More smoothly & quietly = more
superior
□ Fewer repair & warranty = less
rework = reduction of wasted time,
effort and money
□ How ? Q improvement
11

12. Q perspecti-
ves
 Consumer’s and producer’s
perspectives are depend on each
other
 Consumer’s perspective: PRICE
 Producer’s perspective: COST
12

13. Final
perspecti-
ves
13

14. 2. QP, QC, QI, QA

15. QP
 Quality planning is a strategic activity, and it is just as vital to an
organization’s long term business success as the product
development plan.
 Without a strategic quality plan, an enormous amount of time,
money, and effort will be wasted by the organization dealing with
faulty design, manufacturing defects, filed failures, and customer
complaints.
 Involves identifying customers (external and internal), and
identifying their needs (voice of customer).
 Then products and services that meet or exceed customer
expectations must be developed.
 They must then determine how these products and services will
be realized.
 Planning of quality improvement on a specific, systematics basis
is also a vital part of this process.

16. QC , QI

17. QI
•The transmission example illustrates the utility of this
definition
• An equivalent definition is that quality improvement is the
elimination of waste. This is useful in service or transactional
businesses.

18. QA

19. 3. COST OF Q

20. Q Cost □Cost of poor quality (COPQ)

21. END OF SLIDE