1. GRSC
An Introduction Into IP Networking
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2. Agenda
 What is IP?
 LAN principles & TCP/IP
 WAN principles
 Routing
 VPN
 Wiring
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3. What is IP ?
 IP (Internet Protocol) is a communication protocol used for transmitting
digital data across a computer network
 Network video is often referred to as IP CCTV
 Gives the users the ability to monitor and record video over LAN, WAN
and the internet
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4. What are the Benefits of IP ?
 Remote Accessibility
 Multiplexed Signalling
 Distributed Intelligence
 Cost-Effectiveness
 Scalability & Flexibility
 System Integration
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5. Networking Basics
LAN (Local Area Network)
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6. LAN – What’s it for
 A LAN exists to share information and
resources
 A LAN is a series of interconnected devices
 A LAN is only available within the same
physical location
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7. Local Network Components
IP address
Subnet mask
IP address IP address IP address IP address
Subnet mask Subnet mask Subnet mask Subnet mask
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8. Typical IP CCTV Solution
IP address
Subnet mask
IP address IP address IP address IP address
Subnet mask Subnet mask Subnet mask Subnet mask
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9. Why Use a Switch?
HUB SWITCH
Not intelligent – Very inefficient Intelligent – Therefore efficient
All Data packets sent to all ports Data packets sent to port of device
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10. Communication
IP addresses must be unique within the
network they are located in.
You can only communicate with another
device within the same network
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11. Public or Private?
Private addresses are used to communicate
with devices within the same network. It is
NOT internet accessible
Public addresses are available to everyone
with internet connectivity
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12. Static or Dynamic?
Static addresses are manually set.
These are useful for systems where
you need to know the address of the
device.
Dynamic addresses are assigned
automatically. These allow easier
administration.
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13. IP Addressing
 Public IP addresses are registered
by a number of commercial bodies
 Private IP addresses are freely
usable but are unable to route through the internet
 Private IPV4 addresses are can be subdivided into 5 classes
however classes D and E are kept for multicast and experimental purposes
Class Private start address Private finish address Subnet
A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0
B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 255.255.0.0
C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 255.255.255.0
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14. IP Version 4
 Addresses are written as four numbers in the
range 0 to 255
 Supports up to about 4 billion individual
addresses (32 bit address)
 Public address pool is running out with
exhaustion estimates of dates between 2010
and 2017
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15. IP Version 6
 Addresses are written as 8 groups of 4
hexadecimal numbers
 Supports up to about 340 trillion, trillion,
trillion addresses (128 bit address)
 Available for use now but not in all devices
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16. Subnet Mask
 This is used as a method of checking
if the destination address is on a
different network
 Works by
 Performing a calculation on current address and subnet mask
 Performing a calculation on destination address and current subnet
mask
 Comparing results.
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17. Subnet Mask
A subnet allows the flow of network traffic between hosts to be segregated
based on a network configuration.
By organizing hosts into logical groups, subnetting can improve network security
and performance.
A subnet mask neither works like an IP address, nor does it exist independently
from them. Instead, subnet masks accompany an IP address and the two values
work together. Applying the subnet mask to an IP address splits the address into
two parts, an "extended network address" and a host address.
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18. Layers – What are they
 TCP/IP or internet protocol suite, is the set of protocols (stack) on which the
internet and most commercial networks run
 IP is a network layer protocol (layer 3)
 TCP is a transport layer protocol(layer 4)
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19. Layer Explanation
Networking is split into different layers
1) Physical layer
 Physical link (ie the copper)
2) Data link layer
 Provides data transfer over the physical layer (hop to hop)
3) Internet layer
 Provides end to end delivery (source to destination)
4) Transport layer
 Interface between application layer and network layer
5) Application layer
 Application specific (FTP, HTTP, SMTP etc) interface between computer and network
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20. Networking Basics
WAN (Wide Area Network)
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21. WAN – What is it for?
 WAN’s exist to join together different locations
 WAN’s exist to share information over greater distances
 WAN’s are logically connected together not physically.
 The largest known WAN is the Internet
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22. Wan Components
LAN IP address
Subnet mask
Internet
IP address IP address
Subnet mask Subnet mask
Gateway
IP address IP address IP address IP address
Subnet mask Subnet mask Subnet mask Subnet mask
Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway
Public
Private
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23. Networking Basics
Routing
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24. Routing
 In order to link one network with another you need
a router.
 A router will share its outwards network connection
with devices connected to it
 A router will allow data in using a set of rules
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25. What can be routed?
 Entire IP addresses
All contact goes to the device
Useful when lots of activities on one device
Can be expensive
 Port Number
Often referred to as NAT or Port redirection
Just desired contact goes to the device
Other ports can be used for other devices
Cheap
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26. Routing Example
Pass through data
Internet
Check rules, If OK
pass through data
as rules dictate
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27. Routing Examples
Router Router
LAN LAN
Router
LAN Router Router LAN
WAN
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28. Networking Basics
VPN
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29. VPN – What is it?
 A VPN is a method of creating a WAN by using
the Internet
Internet
 A VPN is a network where some of the
connections are carried over “open” circuits
instead of physical links (like the internet)
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30. VPN Example
Internet
Network 1 Network 2
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31. Networking Basics
Network Wiring
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32. Pin out for 8P8C (RJ45)
Pin Pair Colour
 Cabling T568A wiring
(can also use T568B) 1 3
2 3
3 2
4 1
5 1
6 2
7 4
8P8C connector 8 4
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33. Line Speed & Data Aggregation
 Line speeds –
Cat 5e up to 100 BaseT on 4 Wires – 100Mbit’s
Cat 5e up to 1000 BaseT on 8 Wires – 1000Mbit’s
Cat 6 up to 1000 BaseT on 8 Wires – 1000Mbit’s
Server
40 Mbit’s
Device Device Device Device
10 Mbit’s 10 Mbit’s 10 Mbit’s 10 Mbit’s
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34. Wiring – Cable Length
 Cable lengths – up to maximum of 100m total cable length
on copper
Device Device
200m
Device Device
100m 100m
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35. Wiring – Cable Length
 Fibre lengths – up to maximum of 550m total cable length
on 50/125um multimode fibre
up to maximum of 40km total cable length
on 8/125um singlemode fibre
Fibre
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36. Wiring – Topology
Fibre
Gigabit Core Switch
CAT6
Fibre Backbone with mini
GBIC–SFP Fibre/RJ45 Ports.
10/100Mb PoE Edge Switch
10/100Mb PoE Edge Switch
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37. Thank You
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