Learn What is DNS? and how exactly it work in the background. Decoded the internet's silent hero, DNS explained in detail.

1. Overview
In the vast digital landscape of the internet, where data
travels at the speed of light and websites seamlessly
appear on our screens, there’s a silent hero working
tirelessly behind the scenes – DNS. In this blog, we’ll
unravel the mysteries of DNS and explore how it plays a
pivotal role in connecting us to the online world.
Join us on this journey as we delve into the inner workings
of DNS, its importance in everyday internet usage, and how
tech giants rely on it to provide you with seamless,
lightning-fast online experiences. We’ll also discuss
common DNS-related issues, security concerns, and the
future of this essential internet protocol.
By the end of this blog, you’ll have a deeper understanding
of DNS, appreciating its role as the unsung hero that keeps
the internet running smoothly. So, let’s dive in and
demystify the world of DNS together!

2. What Is DNS?
DNS Is The Internet’s Phonebook
It translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP
addresses.
Imagine the internet as a vast cityscape of websites, each
with its own unique address. Now, think of DNS (Domain
Name System) as the phonebook of this digital metropolis.
Just as a phonebook helps you
fi
nd someone’s contact
information by their name, DNS assists in navigating the
web by translating human-readable domain names into
machine-readable IP addresses.
In simpler terms, DNS bridges the gap between the
language of computers, which primarily communicates in
numerical IP addresses like “192.0.2.1,” and our human-
friendly language of domain names like
“www.example.com.” It’s the digital equivalent of using a
phonebook to look up a friend’s number rather than trying
to remember a complex sequence of digits.
The magic of DNS becomes evident every time you type a
website name into your browser’s address bar. Behind the
scenes, DNS swiftly performs its translation task, enabling
you to visit websites e
ff
ortlessly. Think of it as the seamless
interaction you have with your smartphone contacts – you
select a name, and your device dials the right number. DNS
makes this possible for the internet.
What is the Full Form Of DNS?
The Full form of DNS is “Domain Name System”
When was DNS Introduced?

3. Paul Mockapetris instead created the Domain Name
System in 1983 while at the University of Southern
California. The Internet Engineering Task Force published
the original speci
fi
cations in RFC 882 and RFC 883
in November 1983.
1983 is the same year when Indian Cricket Team 🏏 won their
fi
rst world cup.
Who is managing DNS?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN): ICANN is a non-pro
fi
t organization responsible for
the overall coordination and management of the global
DNS. It plays a central role in overseeing the allocation of
domain names, IP addresses, and the operation of root
name servers. ICANN also manages the domain name
registration system, including the accreditation of domain
registrars.
ICANN charges a mandatory annual fee of $0.18 from
the resellers. and the reseller simply charges to the end
users 🙂

4. How domain market Work?
What is TLD?
TLD (Top-Level Domain):
A Top-Level Domain (TLD) is the highest level in the
hierarchical Domain Name System (DNS) of the internet. It
is the last part of a domain name, appearing to the right of
the last dot in an internet address, such as “.com” in
“example.com.” TLDs are an essential part of the web’s
addressing system, serving various purposes in internet
organization and management.
Here’s a breakdown of the di
ff
erent types of TLDs and
their roles:
• Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs): These are
the most common TLDs and include well-known
extensions like .com, .org, .net, and .info. They are
open for registration by individuals, businesses, and
organizations around the world. gTLDs are versatile

5. and can be used for various purposes, making them
highly popular.
• Country Code Top-Level Domains
(ccTLDs): Each country or territory has its own ccTLD,
such as .us (United States), .uk (United Kingdom), .ca
(Canada), and .de (Germany). These TLDs are typically
reserved for entities located within or associated with
the respective country or territory. They can have
speci
fi
c registration requirements, and their use may be
regulated by the local ccTLD authority.
• Sponsored Top-Level Domains (sTLDs): These
TLDs are sponsored by speci
fi
c organizations or
communities with a vested interest in their use.
Examples include .gov (for U.S. government
entities), .edu (for educational institutions in the United
States), and .mil (for the U.S. military). Registration for
sTLDs often has eligibility criteria set by the sponsoring
organization.
• Infrastructure Top-Level Domains: These TLDs
are reserved for technical infrastructure purposes and
include .arpa (used for reverse DNS lookups), .int (for
international treaty organizations), and .root (for the
DNS root zone).
• Brand TLDs: Some companies or brands have
applied for and obtained their own custom TLDs, such
as .google, .apple, and .bmw. These TLDs allow brands
to have more control over their online presence and
branding within their digital ecosystem.
TLDs serve several important functions:
• Identi
fi
cation: TLDs help identify the type of
organization or entity associated with a domain name.

6. For example, .com is often used for commercial
entities, while .edu is associated with educational
institutions.
• Geographic Localization: ccTLDs provide a way
to associate websites with speci
fi
c geographic regions
or countries, helping users
fi
nd locally relevant content.
• Categorization: Different TLDs can signify the
purpose or category of a website. For instance, .gov
websites are typically government-related, and .org
domains are often associated with non-pro
fi
t
organizations.
• Branding: Brand TLDs allow companies to
reinforce their brand identity and enhance trust with
customers.
Understanding TLDs is essential when choosing a domain
name for a website, as it can impact the perception,
relevance, and visibility of the site in both local and global
contexts. The choice of TLD should align with the goals and
nature of the online presence you wish to create.

7. Still confused about the right Domain name for your
Business Or Service? We Can Help Click Here
How does DNS work?
Let’s decode how DNS works in real-time.
Most programmers who don’t have knowledge about
DevOps and server setup think that when we open up a
website it directly loads from the server. But in reality, it’s
quite di
ff
erent.
Here is the DNS process when we open any website in our browser
1. Browser ping the ISP (Internet Service Provider) at the
very
fi
rst stage when we open up a website.

8. 2. The ISP calls DNS Resolver and checks the IP address
linked to the domain name we requested.

9. 3. If the DNS resolver does not
fi
nd any IP address, It will
start looking into the other database server. and it will give
the correct IP or error to the DNS Resolver.
4. And
fi
nally once it gets the IP address it gives to the
Browser, and Browser calls the actual IP address from
the Server.

10. Let’s take an example of GTCSYS.com , We can see the
browser is not calling the Domain, but behind the scenes, it
calls the IP (however we can not directly see the IP address
in the browser inspection or network. but when we try to
ping the domain from command line we can see the IP
routing)

11. What is DNS Cashing
You must feel that loading a website for the
fi
rst time takes
more time. and once it loaded, it takes less time and loads
faster than earlier.
Here the DNS cashing system comes into the picture. Just
like your static assets browser cache(saves) the IP address
you have requested. so the next time until (TTL: Time to
Live, or Cache Expiry Time) it will call the same IP Address
and load it faster as it’s not calling the ISP or DNS
resolver anymore.

12. In Some case if the browser does not have the cache your
ISP, The Resolver Server, Or the Network also have the
cache and that serve the IP address faster and does not go
through the process.
Fun Fact About DNS
• Root servers are located all over the world. There
are 13 root servers in total, and they are operated by 12
different organizations.
• As of March 8, 2023, 351 Million domain names
are registered worldwide.
• Symbolics.com is the
fi
rst ever registered
domain llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwlllla
ntysiliogogogochuchaf.eu is the longest-ever domain
name registered in the history of DNS.
Coming Up Next…
In the next blog, I will share more information about the
following.
• How To Buy A Domain

13. • Common Error of DNS and How to Resolve
• What are Record Types
• Domain and DNS Security
• How to use Cloud
fl
are and Link Domain