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時系列データ分析 2
時系列データを観察する
収益率とボラティリティ
【収益率の定義】
収益率とは、日々の価格変動幅を前日の価格で基準化したもの。
Pt を t 時点での株価、 Rt を t 時点での収益率とすると、
Rt =(Pt - Pt-1)/Pt-1=Pt/Pt-1 - 1
【ボラティリティの定義】
いくつかの定義があるが、収益率データの標準偏差で定義する。
(ヒストリカルボラティリティとする)
【ボラティリティを使用する意義】
ボラティリティを調べることは、収益率の母集団分布のデータの散
らばり具合(標準偏差)を調べることに対応している。
収益率が特定の分布から独立に取り出されると仮定すると、ボラテ
ィリティによって今後の収益率が取りうる値の大きさが推測される。
統計的仮説検定
【統計的仮説検定とは】
同時に起こることのない(互いに背反な)2つの仮説(帰無仮説と
対立仮説)をたて、データにもとづいてどちらかの仮説を受け入れ
るかを判断する方法。

帰無仮説

どちらが正しいの?

対立仮説

2つの可能性が考えられる。
1.帰無仮説が正しいが、誤って帰無仮説を棄却する可能性
2.帰無仮説は正しくないが、誤って帰無仮説を受容する可能性
1の可能性(帰無仮説が正しい可能性)が小さい場合、帰無仮説は
棄却される。
1の可能性に対する水準を有意水準と呼ぶ。
統計的仮説検定の手法
No

帰無仮説

検定手法

1 データが正規分布に Shapiro-Wilk 検定
従っている
2 2つのデータの並び 連の検定
に規則性は無い
(runs test)

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時系列データ2