The document discusses intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for freight transport. ITS uses information and communication technologies to improve transportation system efficiency and safety. The goals of freight ITS are to integrate individual transportation elements into a single system to increase capacity and efficiency. Freight ITS can provide benefits like increased safety, reduced costs and travel times, and better resource utilization. However, Ethiopia has not fully developed freight ITS applications except in some organizations. The Ethiopian government is working to introduce more technologies like GPS tracking to enhance logistics.

2. Freight Transport, structure, Market and
Technology
CENG 6314
ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF THECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ROAD AND TRANSPORT ENGINEERING

3. Seminar Presentation
By
October 4 2017
Intelligent Transport System
(ITS)

4. Contents
• Introduction
• Definition of ITS
• Goal of ITS
• Objectives of ITS
• Groups of Freight ITS
• ITS Logistics
• Freight Transportation Information Types
• Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
• ITS in Ethiopia
• Conclusion

5. Introduction
• The efficient movement of freight is essential to
the economy and to the quality of life.
• Supporting an efficient, cost-effective freight
transportation systems encourage local industries.
to compete effectively in international markets.
• Real-time information to track cargo, vehicles,
equipment's and inventories allowed carriers to
enhance their transportation service.
• Carriers and shippers are able to automate and
integrate a broad range of billing and data entry by
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

6. Definition of ITS
• The term intelligent transport system (ITS) refers to
information and communication technology, applied
to transport infrastructure and vehicle.
Collection of entities
that perform tasks
according to internal
regulations and a
given common
objectives
Intelligent Transportation System
Collection of entities that collaborate in the movement of fright
and passengers, and that have the ability to learn, adopt to new
situations, and use information / knowledge to enhance
operational efficiency.
Collection of entities that
collaborate in the
movement of fright and
passengers

7. Goal of ITS
• The goal of Intelligent Transportation Systems
(ITS) is to integrate individual transportation elements
and join them through use of information and
communication technologies into a single system.
 ITS provide the opportunity to increase the use of
existing transportation system and generate
additional capacity from the existing physical
infrastructure.
 Other benefits of freight ITS include, but not limited
to, Increase safety and security, decrease negative

8. A communication infrastructure for mobility

10. Objectives of ITS
Safety:
Mitigation of accident severity (passive safety)
Prevention of accidents (active safety)
Avoidance of hazardous situations (preventive safety)
Efficiency:
Reduction of travel times
Reduction of fuel /energy consumption
Reduction of CO2 emission
Reduction of noise emission
Infotainment/ Comfort:
Increasing comfort of driving
Additional information services/ and entertain
Monetary (relating to money or currency):
Cost reduction
(e.g. less sensors, less road infrastructure maintenance)
“Competitive edge”: Prevailing over competitors

11. Groups of Freight ITS
1. Traffic controlling and monitoring systems
2. Weight-In-Motion (WIM) systems
3. Delivery space (for parking) booking systems
4. Vehicle location and condition monitoring systems
5. Route planning systems
6. Driving behavior monitoring and controlling systems
7. Crash preventing systems
8. Freight location monitoring systems
9. Freight status monitoring systems

12. Normality Check
• Documentation on the borders can decrease waiting times
of the trucks behind the borders.
• In crash preventing systems sensors are used to detect
objects and measure the distance from one vehicle to the
other vehicles via the transportation infrastructure.
• Detection of pedestrians at night also decreases
probability of accidents.

15. Intelligence in Transport Logistics
The core of ITS consists in
• Obtaining ,
• Processing and
• distributing information
for better use of the transportation system,
infrastructure and services.

16. Intelligence in Transport Logistics
Four methods have been used to obtain the raw data:
1.Triangulation method. In developed countries a
high proportion of cars contain one or more mobile
phones. The phones periodically transmit their
presence information to the mobile phone network,
even when no voice connection is established.
2.Vehicle re-identification methods require sets of
detectors mounted along the road. In this technique, a
unique serial number for a device in the vehicle is
detected at one location and then detected again (re-
identified) further down the road.

17. Intelligence in Transport Logistics
3. GPS based methods. An increasing number of
vehicles are equipped with in-vehicle satnav/GPS
(satellite navigation) systems that have two-way
communication with a traffic data provider.
4. Smartphone-based rich monitoring. Smartphones
having various sensors can be used to track traffic
speed and density. The accelerometer data from
smartphones used by car drivers is monitored to
find out traffic speed and road quality.

19. Intelligence in Transport Logistics

20. Central communication

21. Freight Transportation Information
Types
Types of freight transportation information that might
be used in freight ITS:
1. Traffic and infrastructure information
2. Vehicle and freight location information
3. Freight condition information
4. Freight positioning information
5. Warehouse operations and inventory information
6. Cargo information
7. Vehicle identity information

22. Freight Transportation Information Types
Information type Data Items
1,Traffic and infrastructure
information
• location of roads,
• The status of roads
(e.g., road quality or temporary
construction on the roads)
• types of vehicles that can
utilize the road
• limitations and congestion
• Real-time information
eg. congestion, accident

23. Freight Transportation Information Types
Information type Data Items
2,Vehicle and freight
location information
• location of the freight
through the transportation
network between the actors:
• arrival of the freight
• loading and unloading
information
• location of the freight in the
warehouses, terminals, and
ports

24. Freight Transportation Information Types
Information type Data Items
3,Freight condition
information
• physical attributes of the product
during the transportation
(in warehouse or through shipping)
• Real-time information regarding the
temperature, pressure impact,
humidity or the level of light in the
vehicle during transportation

25. Freight Transportation Information Types
Information type Data Items
4, Freight positioning
information
• placement and sequencing of the
products when they are stored or
being shipped
• positioning of the products
in warehouses presented in three
axes of x, y and z
• placement of the containers in the
ships

26. Freight Transportation Information Types
Information
type
Data Items
5, Warehouse
operations and
inventory information
• Number of items in the
warehouses,
• Customers’ orders for different
items,
• Loading and unloading times for
different orders
• Contents of different warehouses,
types of items stored in the
warehouses

27. Freight Transportation Information Types
Information type Data Items
6, Cargo information • types of shipped items and attributes
(quantity, model, class, size, color,
weight, price, ID number and other types
of data depending on the type of
items)
• sender information,
• receiver information
• type and class of the vehicle, registration
number
7,Vehicle identity
information
• type and class of the vehicle, registration
number

29. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• legislation,
regulations and
administration of
the transportation
• Increase safety of
transportation
• decrease damages
caused by the over-weight
vehicles
• Reduce the cost of
maintenance of the roads
• Used for rail
and truck
weight
measurement

30. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• Authorities
• logistics service
providers
• Control the safety and
security of transportation
operations
• Improve resource
planning and
management of the
vehicles.
• Decrease travel time
• increase
environmental
performance
• smart traffic lights
• plate recognition
cameras
• speed measuring
cameras equipped
with sensors
• traffic signs

31. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• City authority
• Retailers/
• maximize the
utilization of the
parking place
• reduce total number
of vehicle trips during
a specific time period,
and travel time
contribution to the
environment
• Integrated
system of
online booking
and parking
capacity

32. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• Shipper,
career
• tracking and tracing of the
goods and Vehicles
• better fleet management
• Improvement of the
security
and safety of
transportation.
• GPS system
• Mobile
Communication
system

33. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• Careers, 3PLs • reducing the Potential
delay
• better level of service
• reducing the idling
times on the roads
• more eco-friendly
transportation
• dynamic vehicle routing
and Scheduling
• better resource
planning
• GPS system
• Mobile
Communication
system
• Large scale
Optimization

34. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• Careers, 3PLs • control the
concentration of the
Driver
• reduce in accidents
and
improvement of the
safety
• control speed and
acceleration of the
Vehicle
• reducing the fuel
consumption.
• GPS system
• Mobile
Communication
system
• Visual monitoring
system

35. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems are explained.
Potential User Benefit Technology
• Authorities
Careers, 3PLs
• Prevent probability of an
accident .
Motion detector
sensors
• Shippers
• Careers, 3PLs
• Ports, terminals
• Warehouse
• reading a large number of
tags at the same time
• Eliminate manual data
entry errors.
• reduce inaccuracies about
the number of items in
inventories
• Decreasing the loading
and unloading time
• better resource planning
• improve the safety and
security
• RFID tags , auto-ID

36. Benefits and users of each of the freight
intelligent systems
Potential User Benefit Technology
• Shippers
• Careers,
3PLs
• control hazardous,
sensitive or chemicals
products
• increase safety
and quality of service
• sensors for
measuring
physical
attributes

37. Freight Data from intelligent transportation systems used for
freight planning and modeling
Once the data are obtained by the central communication
office of the agencies, it will be processed to identify the
correct measures that has to be taken.
Then it will be transferred to the one that it belongs to or
implemented depending of nature of the information.
 “Efficiency and effectiveness”
 “Safety and security” and
 “Environmental benefit” are three measures to analyze in
what direction each of the systems improve freight
transportation.

38. ITS in Ethiopia
According to Tsegaye A. (2016) Assessment on Truck
Transport Management practices in Ethiopian Ministry of
National Defense Logistics Main Department, “In the field of
military, the advantage of intelligent transportation systems
(ITS) has resulted in the rapid and widespread adoption of a
wide range of technologies to aid transportation”.
“They include the use of wireless communications, radar,
sophisticated computer-aided video detectors, and on-board
computer and vehicle navigation systems, all leading to the
evolution of an integrated and multimodal transportation
concept enabled by technology.”

39. Fikadu M. (2013) in Logistics Practices in Ethiopia said that
the “use of ICT in logistics is non-existent. One area bar code
is used at cash register of supermarkets but it is not
connected with inventory or warehousing management
system. MOT’s plan is to introduce tracing and tracking using
GPS, and software, databases and other logistics ICT
applications.”
The application of ITS is not yet developed in Ethiopian fright
transport system Except in Ethiopian air line logistics,
Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise
Multimodal Freight Transport, Ethiopian Ministry of National
Defense and some private fright transport agencies in some
aspect of logistics.

40. Conclusion
• In order to integrate freight transportation with any other
traffic system in the country in to a single system and to get
the benefit of ITS system it important to use ITS in Ethiopian
transportation system as a whole. Therefore, the Ethiopian
transportation minister is expected to do more on it.
• Ethiopian ministry of transport especially in road mode of
transportation must be roll model for other private agencies
in applying ITS technology .

41. Reference
• Dr. Raju R. R’, Professor, (2016-2017) Freight Transport, structure, Market
and Technology /Educational material/
• Tsegaye A. (2016) (Assessment on Truck Transport Management practices in
Ethiopian Ministry of National Defense Logistics Main Department)
• Fekadu M. Debela (2013) Logistics Practices in Ethiopia
• https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_comp_analysis/hillsboro_tx.htm
• https://advanceaccess.ie/benefits-intelligent-transportation-systems/
• https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/its_en
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_transportation_system