7. Opened stenotic mitral valve
showing :
Thickening,
distorted cusps
• Fusion and shortening
of chordae tendinae
Adherent commissures with
calcification and thrombus
deposition, and thickening
27. • Left atrial outflow tract obstruction:
▫ Atrial myxoma
▫ Thrombus
▫ Large vegetation due to endocarditis
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
28.
29. • Left heart failure
• Right heart failure
• Atrial fibrillation
• Left atrial thrombus
COMPLICATIONS
30.
31. Medically
• Anticoagulant
To reduce the risk of
systemic embolism
• Digoxin, beta blockers,
or rate limiting calcium
antagonists
To control ventricular
rate in atrial fibrillation
• Diuretic, nitrates
To control pulmonary
congestion
Surgically
• Mitral balloon
valvuloplasty***
• Valve replacement
TREATMENT
32. Medically
• Anticoagulant
To reduce the risk of
systemic embolism
• Digoxin, beta blockers,
or rate limiting calcium
antagonists
To control ventricular
rate in atrial fibrillation
• Diuretic, nitrates
To control pulmonary
congestion
Surgically
• Mitral balloon
valvuloplasty***
• Valve replacement
TREATMENT
33. Medically
• Anticoagulant
To reduce the risk of
systemic embolism
• Digoxin, beta blockers,
or rate limiting calcium
antagonists
To control ventricular
rate in atrial fibrillation
• Diuretic, nitrates
To control pulmonary
congestion
Surgically
• Mitral balloon
valvuloplasty***
• Valve replacement
TREATMENT