1. Definition: In photosynthesis,
light energy is used to change
light energy into chemical energy
(sugar or C6H12O6).
The chemical reaction is 6CO2
+6H2O) in the presence of light
produces C6H12O6 and 6O2
Illustration/example:
Photosynthesis

2. Definition: The process by
which organisms break
down food (sugars) to
release energy. Respiration
occurs in all plant and
animal cells in the
mitochondria.
Illustration/example:
Cellular
Respiration
Plants carryout photosynthesis
in the chloroplasts and cellular
respiration in the mitochondria.
The chemical formula for
respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O +
6CO2 + energy
Glucose + Oxygen produces
water + carbon dioxide +
energy

3. Definition: The substances
that are present at the start
of a chemical reaction. All
atoms must be accounted
for in a chemical reaction.
Illustration/example:
Reactants
Reactants Products

4. Definition: A substance that
is formed as a result of a
chemical reaction. It is
formed by the joining of two
or more reactants.
Illustration/example:
Products
ProductsReactants

5. Definition: Specialized cells that
control the opening and closing
of the stoma (opening in the leaf).
Guard cells regulate the rate at
which gases and water vapor
enter and leave the leaf
Illustration/example:
Leaf: Guard
Cells

6. Definition: Openings on a leaf
that allows for the exchange of
gases and water vapor.
Illustration/example:
Leaf:
Stoma/Stomata

7. Definition: A layer of long cells
just under the epidermis of a leaf
that are full of chloroplasts. Most
of the leaf’s photosynthesis
occurs in this layer of cells.
Illustration/example:
Leaf: Palisades
Layer
Palisades Layer

8. Definition: A layer of loosely
packed and irregular shaped
cells that aid in the exchange of
gases with the environment.
Illustration/example:
Leaf: Spongy
Layer
Spongy Layer

9. Definition: The outermost layer
of a leaf that protects the leaf.
These cells are usually clear to
allow the light to pass through.
They do not contain many
chloroplasts.
Illustration/example:
Leaf: Epidermal
Layer
Epidermal
Layer