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- 1. EXPLORING WAIQANAKE’S NATURAL RICHES GROUP MEMBERS RATU MA’AFU WAQAIRAWAI TOUAKIN TARAWA WESLEY HAKAI PRISHIKA NADAN REGINA LEO (Leader)ALANIETA KAITANI
- 2. Ten Sites Waiqanake Village Agroforestry Coastal Vegetation Mudflats Forest Vegetation Seagrass Beds Mangrove Area Fish Trap Lighthouse Reef Ecosystem 2
- 6. Waiqanake village is one among the four villages in the Vanua Navakavu area. It is accessible by land and by the sea. The village is situated uphill from the coast near the Suva Harbour. There are more than 710 (from 2007 census) people in the village. A great place to experience Fijian way of living. 6
- 7. 7
- 8. Village Vegetation The village is mostly dominated by ornamental plants and flowers. Most of which are used in making garlands, such as the sinu. 8 Rose Cotton Rose Mellow Sinu sp. Logologo
- 9. Alot of medicinal plants also exist in the village. Important because there are no health centres. Some examples are basil (tamole), frangipani (bua ni Viti) and vasa damu (Fiji Spurge). 9
- 11. Agroforestry is the intentional integration of trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems to create environmental, economic, and social benefits. Agroforestry is derived from ecology and is one of the three principal land-use sciences, the other two being agriculture and forestry. Agroforestry differs from the latter two principals by placing an emphasis on integration of and interactions among a combination of elements rather than just focusing on each element individually. It has a lot in common with intercropping (the practice of planting two or more crops on the same plot) with both practices placing an emphasis on interaction between different plant species. Generally, both agrofrestry and intercropping can result in higher overall yields and reduced operational costs. 11
- 12. 12 Pig Pen Vadra
- 13. Main Staple Crops of Waiqanake 13 Dalo Cassava Fiji Asparagus (Duruka) Sweet Potato Breadfruit
- 15. 15 Trees in this ecosystem are very important to the people of Waiqanake. Not only is it used for timber to be exported or sold to outside markets. It is also a source of building materials for the villagers.
- 16. 16 Forests are important for soil erosion control. It is a form of habitat to many organisms. And also contains food source for birds and animals alike. Yalu Dilo Soni
- 18. Early this year TC Winston struck Fiji. Many homes were destroyed and lives were devastated. The TC severity did not fully cause that much destruction in Waiqanake but it did damage three houses and most of the ‘ba ni ilava’. The coastline was also riddled with rubbish and debris and this directly affected marine and land 18
- 19. 19 Coastal vegetation is very important to villages along the coast Mangroves and other coastal trees serve as a break for flooding and during high tide They also are habitat for many marine organisms
- 20. 20
- 21. Mudflats 21
- 22. 22 • Mudflats are basically a stretch of muddy land left uncovered at low tide. • They are also known as tidal flats and are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers.
- 23. Most sediments within intertidal zone Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of estuarine silts, clays and marine animal detritus Provide important ecological uses 23
- 24. Tidal flats along with mangrove forests are important ecosystems. They support a large population of wildlife and are key habitat to migrating birds, crabs, mollusks and fish. 24
- 25. Seagrass beds 25
- 26. The area where shallow salty and brackish waters. One of the most productive ecosystems as it form dense sea grass meadows that provide shelter and food to an incredibly diverse community of animals Provide important services to people (insulate houses, weave furniture, thatch roofs, fertilize fields) 26
- 27. 27 • Tide pools where seagrass beds are is a famous area where women clean their gleaned products. • Sea urchins is one that was often gleaned on a daily a basis by the women of Waiqanake. • But due to the implementation of the MPA in 2002, sea urchins (cawaki) and sandfish (dairo) are recovering in numbers.
- 28. SEAGRASS BEDS OF WAIQANAKE Habitat for many marine invertebrate e.g. sea stars, brittle star community, different sea cucumber species, sea urchins, small crabs and other crustaceans, burrowing animals Algae and pollution 28
- 29. 29 Box Crab Brittle Starfish Beach-de-mer
- 31. Mangrove Area 31
- 32. Three Types of Mangroves 32
- 33. 33
- 34. 34
- 37. Fish trap (Ba ni Ilava) 37
- 38. What is a Ba ni Ilava? How it is made? Mechanics of fish trap to trap fish 38 Te Ma in Kiribati Looking from above Taken from land
- 39. 39 What is a Ba ni Ilava? It is a traditional fishing trap method in Fiji. Three raw materials to needed to construct it are: Dogo (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) giant reed or sword grass, gasau (Arundo donax and Miscanthus floridulus) climbing swamp fern, wa midri (Stenochlaena palustris)
- 40. Black mangrove / Dogo (Bruguiera gymbnorrhiza) One of the three types of Mangrove Usually found along the coastlines It is used like a rope to hold the reeds together 40
- 41. Climbing swamp fern/ wa midri (Stenochlaena palustris) Used for lashing and binding the giant reeds together so that it does not break easily. 41
- 42. Giant Reed and Sword Grass (Arundo donax & Miscanthus floridulus) Used as a fishing gear (spear fishing) Flowering-indicates many octopus Used as posts for the fish trap 42
- 43. The combination of the three raw materials of fish trap 43
- 44. The Mechanics of the Ba ni Ilava 44 1) The fish moves toward the handle of the Bai ni lava 2) Fish guided by the handle portion toward the head (entrance) 3) The head or Entrance of fish trap 4) Once tide goes down the fish is trapped
- 45. Lighthouse 45 o Located along the coast o 1948 Pacific War, Malaya Campaign o The lighthouse was used to protect and defend Suva harbor. o The normal lighthouses were switched off and the ones in Waiqanake took over to confuse and trap enemy ships on the reefs o When trapped these stranded ships would be fired upon by the battery gun in Bilo halting any enemy advancement. http://www.nzhistory.net .nz/war/the-malayan- emergency Members of the Fiji Infantry Regiment
- 46. 46 Ratu Edward Cakobau was the commander of the Fijian Battalion. He later went on to become a Deputy PM and his son Ratu Epeli Nailatikau was the previous president of Fiji.
- 47. Reef ecosystem Provides fish habitat as a nursery, feeding and shelter area. Support secondary production such as commercial activities, recreational fishing, tourist acitivties, etc Study on East Coast of Puerto Rico- estimated its economic value- $1.853 billion from reef ecosystem 47
- 48. Snorkeling provided a good insight into a healthy coral reef system. 48 Staghorn Coral http://www.fishchannel.com/fish -news/2012/02/16/fl-corals-to- get-infusion-of-frags.aspx Brain Coral https://mrsredmondclass.wi kispaces.com/Brain+Coral Blue Star fish
- 49. During high tide shark species move into the reef area, especially the juveniles, eg. Hammerhead shark, White and Black Tip sharks. Known as top predator Preys on weak and sick fish to avoid spread of disease Role- balance or control the health of the ecosystem Threat-Human- commercial In Kiribati- Aus$7.00 a kilo-2 large fins for a kilo. 49 https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Blacktip_reef_shark http://galapagosconser vation.org.uk/tag/ham merhead-sharks/ http://www.shar ksider.com/white tip-reef-shark/
- 50. 50 http://www.seascapest udio.net/reference/fish .php?id=279 <http://www.animalpict uresociety.com/butterf ly-fish-pictures-3af http://www.guamreeflif e.com/htm/reeffish/liza rdfishes.htm Rabbit Fish Butterfly Fish Lizard Fish Damsel Fish https://reefbuilders.com/ 2015/10/06/damselfish- recognize-uv-markings- face/ Sting Ray <http://mnzoo.org/blog /animals/southern- stingray/>
- 51. Samoan shipwreck ‘Ka Kanvi’ 1895. Rusts from the ship can affect the marine ecosystem. 51
- 52. PLAN 52
- 53. 53 • For example, sea urchins are sold in containers worth $30 each.
- 54. 54 • Due to high dependency on marine organisms for livelihood, there arrives the need for sustainable management of these resources. • Objective: to promote environmental and economical sustainability measures in the Waiqanake village.
- 55. OBSTACLES 55
- 56. 56 terrestrial marine freshwater Tropical Cyclones Heavy Rain Oil Spills Overfishing Excessive use of fertilizers Soil erosion ENVIRONMETAL
- 57. 57 Economic Due to environmental problems reduced catch less sales=less income - transportation problems due to isolation
- 58. 58 SOCIAL school dropouts no heath center fading of traditional knowledge
- 59. 59
- 60. RECOMMENDATIONS Elect a village council for efficient and smooth running of village duties. Encourage the need to get educated and look for jobs outside the village for a more stable source of income. Have efficient participation in awareness campaigns and make the best use of it to promote and engage in sustainability measures. Create more evacuation centres other than the village hall and the cave. 60
- 61. Great Food 61
- 62. 62 Great Time
- 63. Thank You!! 63