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CONNECTING
BLOCKCHAIN AND
THE REAL WORLD
Sergey Nazarov, Chainlink
Connecting Blockchains to the Real World
Fluidity Summit 2019
The Smart Contract Connectivity Problem
Smart Contracts are unable to connect with external data,
or any other off-chain resources on their own.
80%+ of smart contract use cases require off-chain connectivity
The Initial Leap Forward for Smart Contracts
Multi-signature as 

“Programmable Money”
Protocol Smart Contracts =
Tokenization 1.0 and DEXs 1.0
The Recent Leap Forward for Smart Contracts
Protocol Smart Contracts =
Tokenization 1.0 and DEXs 1.0
Scriptable Smart Contracts =
Tokenization 2.0 and DEXs 2.0
The Next Leap Forward for Smart Contracts
Externally Aware Smart Contracts =
Tokenization 3.0 via “Smart Securities”
Scriptable Smart Contracts =
Tokenization 2.0 and DEXs 2.0
The Smart Contract Connectivity Problem
Smart Contracts are unable to connect with external data,
or any other off-chain resources on their own.
80%+ of smart contract use cases need external resources
The Smart Contract Connectivity Problem
Smart Contracts are unable to connect with external data,
or any other off-chain resources on their own.
80%+ of smart contract use cases need external resources
Blockchain Middleware Creates Connectivity
Connect Smart Contracts to 

critical external data, so they 

can include real world events.
Blockchain Middleware Creates Connectivity
Connect Smart Contracts to 

critical external data, so they 

can include real world events.
Connect Smart Contracts to 

widely accepted bank payments

so they can pay in local currencies.
Blockchain Middleware Creates Connectivity
Connect Smart Contracts to 

critical external data, so they 

can include real world events.
Connect Smart Contracts to 

widely accepted bank payments

so they can pay in local currencies.
Connect Smart Contracts from 

different networks to each other

for critical combined functionality.
End-to-end Reliability for your Smart Contract
Centralized Oracles are a Point of Failure
Centralized

Oracle
Decentralized

Computation
Data

Sources
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
Thousands

of Nodes
One

Node
Centralized Oracles are a Point of Failure
Centralized

Oracle
Decentralized

Computation
Data

Sources
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
Thousands

of Nodes
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
One

Node
A Secure Decentralized Oracle Network
Decentralized

Oracle Network
Decentralized

Computation
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
00101001110101100
001010110110011100
A Secure Decentralized Oracle Network
Decentralized

Oracle Network
Decentralized

Computation
Data

Providers
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 00101001110101100
001010110110011100
Fully Decentralized Cryptocurrency Derivatives
Decentralized

Oracle Network
Decentralized

Computation
Data

Providers
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
00101001110101100
001010110110011100
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
Fully Decentralized Cryptocurrency Derivatives Settlement
Decentralized

Oracle Network
Decentralized

Computation
Data

Providers
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
00101001110101100
001010110110011100
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
011001011100100111
0110010001010011101
Off-chain Payments in
Widely Accepted Formats
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
All of the Inputs and Outputs Needed by Smart Contracts
Chain.link
"Connecting Blockchain and the Real World" by Sergey Nazarov, Chainlink | Fluidity 2019

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"Connecting Blockchain and the Real World" by Sergey Nazarov, Chainlink | Fluidity 2019

  • 1.
  • 2. CONNECTING BLOCKCHAIN AND THE REAL WORLD Sergey Nazarov, Chainlink
  • 3. Connecting Blockchains to the Real World Fluidity Summit 2019
  • 4. The Smart Contract Connectivity Problem Smart Contracts are unable to connect with external data, or any other off-chain resources on their own. 80%+ of smart contract use cases require off-chain connectivity
  • 5. The Initial Leap Forward for Smart Contracts Multi-signature as 
 “Programmable Money” Protocol Smart Contracts = Tokenization 1.0 and DEXs 1.0
  • 6. The Recent Leap Forward for Smart Contracts Protocol Smart Contracts = Tokenization 1.0 and DEXs 1.0 Scriptable Smart Contracts = Tokenization 2.0 and DEXs 2.0
  • 7. The Next Leap Forward for Smart Contracts Externally Aware Smart Contracts = Tokenization 3.0 via “Smart Securities” Scriptable Smart Contracts = Tokenization 2.0 and DEXs 2.0
  • 8. The Smart Contract Connectivity Problem Smart Contracts are unable to connect with external data, or any other off-chain resources on their own. 80%+ of smart contract use cases need external resources
  • 9. The Smart Contract Connectivity Problem Smart Contracts are unable to connect with external data, or any other off-chain resources on their own. 80%+ of smart contract use cases need external resources
  • 10. Blockchain Middleware Creates Connectivity Connect Smart Contracts to 
 critical external data, so they 
 can include real world events.
  • 11. Blockchain Middleware Creates Connectivity Connect Smart Contracts to 
 critical external data, so they 
 can include real world events. Connect Smart Contracts to 
 widely accepted bank payments
 so they can pay in local currencies.
  • 12. Blockchain Middleware Creates Connectivity Connect Smart Contracts to 
 critical external data, so they 
 can include real world events. Connect Smart Contracts to 
 widely accepted bank payments
 so they can pay in local currencies. Connect Smart Contracts from 
 different networks to each other
 for critical combined functionality.
  • 13. End-to-end Reliability for your Smart Contract
  • 14. Centralized Oracles are a Point of Failure Centralized
 Oracle Decentralized
 Computation Data
 Sources 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Thousands
 of Nodes One
 Node
  • 15. Centralized Oracles are a Point of Failure Centralized
 Oracle Decentralized
 Computation Data
 Sources 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Thousands
 of Nodes 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 One
 Node
  • 16. A Secure Decentralized Oracle Network Decentralized
 Oracle Network Decentralized
 Computation 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 00101001110101100 001010110110011100
  • 17. A Secure Decentralized Oracle Network Decentralized
 Oracle Network Decentralized
 Computation Data
 Providers 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 00101001110101100 001010110110011100
  • 18. Fully Decentralized Cryptocurrency Derivatives Decentralized
 Oracle Network Decentralized
 Computation Data
 Providers 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 00101001110101100 001010110110011100 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
  • 19. Fully Decentralized Cryptocurrency Derivatives Settlement Decentralized
 Oracle Network Decentralized
 Computation Data
 Providers 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 00101001110101100 001010110110011100 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 011001011100100111 0110010001010011101 Off-chain Payments in Widely Accepted Formats 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
  • 20. All of the Inputs and Outputs Needed by Smart Contracts Chain.link