Door lecture note

1. Wall Openings
Doors and Windows

2. Doors and Windows
• Doors and Windows are moveable barrier secured
in a wall opening.
• Doors are defined as “The movable structure used
for opening and closing an entrance or for giving
access in or out of something”.
• There are various door types available
to make your house entrance attractive.
• A-frame used for given excess to indoor or
outdoor as to a building or room, or giving
access to a closet, cupboard, etc.: most doors turn
on hinges, slide in grooves, or revolve on an axis

3. Doors Functions:
1. Admit ventilation and light.
2. Controls the physical atmosphere within a
space by enclosing it, excluding air drafts, so
that interiors may be more effectively heated
or cooled.
3. They act as a barrier to noise.
4. Used to screen areas of a building for
aesthetic purposes, keeping formal and
utility areas separate.

4. Location of Doors in Building
• The number should be kept as minimum.
• It should meet the functional requirement.
• It should preferably be located at the corner of
the room, nearly 20 cm from corner.
• If in a room, more than 2 doors are there, they
shall be located facing each other.

5. Factors to Consider Before Selecting
Doors
• Consider the function you want for each space
or room.
• Determine how the openings can make your
home more comfortable.
• Think about the kind of light you want the
openings to provide.
• Consider the type of connection or access you
want with the outdoors.

6. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN
CHOOSING A DOOR FOR YOUR HOME
1. Place to Install
2. Type
3. Style & Design
4. Size
5. Extras
6. Hardware

7. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A DOOR FOR
YOUR HOME – 1. Place to Install
• First of all, the place of where the door will be placed is
fundamental in determining which product to install.
• Depend on the place, you may choose from solid doors,
wooden doors, panelled doors, screen doors. steel door,
sliding door, barn door, glass door, and so on.
• Some things to consider: whether the door placement is
internal or external; whether the doorway was already
existing or if it is recent; whether a door jamb is necessary
or not; and whether it has adequate overhead protection
like the front door.
• Also, the location is important to establish which internal
door construction to use, as it changes what type of door is
required.

8. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A DOOR FOR
YOUR HOME – 2. Type
• The door type requisite is influenced by:
strength, durability, acoustics/sound proofing,
weight, climate, required surface, and
security.
• For doors inside your home :- single door,
double door, barn door, bi-fold and cavity unit.
• For a front door: single door, double door,
door with hinged entry frames or with
sidelites, and pivot door system.

9. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A DOOR FOR
YOUR HOME – 3. Style & Design
• The door selection can transform a room’s whole
appearance. Picking the design will help to match
the style of the interior of the home.
• Selecting a more simpler design in a small space
will be a smart choice. Dare to pick a more ornate
design when the space is not so busy.
• To make a space seem bright and natural, add
doors to the room such as sliding cavities or barn
runners with glass panels to allow natural light to
enter and make the room seem larger.
• It is vital to consider whether you will stain or paint
your door.

10. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A
DOOR FOR YOUR HOME – 4. Size
• Here are some simple pointers to measuring up a new
door:
• Measure the former door’s width, height and depth.
• Make sure that the door frame is square. To do this,
measure the frame diagonally. If it is not square,
purchase a broader door and cut it to fitting
dimensions.
• Ensure that the door has approximately 3 mm between
the door and the frame on the top and sides, and
approximately 5 mm from the door above the ground.

11. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A DOOR FOR
YOUR HOME – 5. Extras
• There are more components to doors other than
the previous ones that can impact which product
you want to purchase.
• These components can include safety factors such
as bushfire ratings, sound rating, rebating (pairs
of doors) and sliding (grooved bottom rails).
• It is beneficial to consider the extra components
before purchasing doors, seeing as it can
determine which door is more appropriate.

12. SIX IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A DOOR FOR
YOUR HOME – 6. Hardware
• Once you have make your door choice, then select
the perfect hardware to match.
• While your door style makes an statement at the
entrance of your home, it’s important that the
security is taking in consideration. Smart locks is the
key of keeping your home safe.

13. Components of a Door
• Door Frame
– A door frame is an assembly of horizontal and vertical
members forming an enclosure to which door shutters
are fixed
– The vertical members are known as jambs or posts.
– The top horizontal member is known as head.
• Door Shutter
– Part of the door that opened and closed

14. Door Frame
HEAD
JAMB/POST
HOLDFAST
F.L.
HORN
REBATE

15. Door Shutter
TOP RAIL
BOTTOM RAIL
INTERMEDIATE
RAILS
STILES
PANEL
FRIEZE RAIL

16. Types of Doors Based on their Various
Classification
• There are different types of doors available in the market i.e. Flush Door, Panel
Door, Glass Door, PVC Door, etc. Generally, the doors are classified in following
ways,
•
(A) Based on Location
• 01. Exterior Doors
• 02. Interior Doors
• (B) Based on Materials
• 03. Wooden or Timber Doors
• 04. Glass Doors
• 05. Steel Doors
• 06. PVC Doors
• 07. Fiberglass Doors
• 08. Aluminum Glazed Doors
• 09. Fiber Reinforced Plastic Doors /FRP Doors

17. Types of Doors Based on their Various Classification
• (C) Based on Operation of Door Shutter
• 10. Folding Doors
• 11. Sliding Doors
• 12. Swinging Doors
• 13. Revolving Doors
• 14. Rolling Shutter Doors
• 15. Collapsible Doors
• 16. Pivot Doors
• (D) Based on Method of Construction
• 17. Panel Doors
• 18. Flush Doors
• 19. Louvered Doors
• 20. Wire Gauzed Doors
• (E) Based on Arrangement of Door Components
• 21. Battened and Ledged Doors
• 22. Battened, Ledged and Braced Doors
• 23. Battened, Ledged and Framed Doors
• 24. Battened, Ledged, Framed and Braced Doors

19. Types of Doors
Based on its working operations
 Hinged doors
Battened type
Framed and paneled
Glazed/Sash
Flushed
Louvered
Wire-Gauged
 Revolving doors
 Sliding doors
 Swing doors
 Collapsible doors
 Rolling shutter

20. Hinged Door
• The most common door type - It is a simple &
rigid.
• Most doors are hinged along one side to allow
the door to pivot away from the doorway in
one direction but not in the other.
• The panel swings, opens and closes, on hinges.
• Hinged doors require a minimum amount of
maintenance

21. Hinged Door – Battened Types
• Battened & Ledged Door
– consist of vertical boards
called battens which are
nailed or screwed to the
horizontal members, called
ledges .
– Often the battens are a-
bout 15 to 18 cm wide and
2 to 3 cm thick.
– Doors made with narrow
battens like these have a
better appearance.

22. • Battened, Ledged &
Braced Door
– This is a ledged and
battened door to which
braces have been added
to prevent sagging.
– These braces must slope
upwards from the hinge
edge of the door
– They are housed with a
skew notch into the
ledges.
Hinged Door – Battened Types

23. • Battened, Ledged &
Framed Door
– It is improved version of
battened and ledged
doors with provision of
frame.
– It added two vertical
members known as stiles
are provided
Hinged Door – Battened Types

24. • Battened, Ledged,
Braced & Framed Door
– It is improved version of
battened, ledged, braced
doors with provision of
frame.
– It added two vertical
members known as stiles
are provided
Hinged Door – Battened Types

25. • Widely used in all types of
buildings since they are strong and
give better appearance than
battened doors.
• Panel doors consist of vertical
members called stiles and
horizontal members called rails.
• Stiles and rails form the
framework into which panels are
inserted.
• Panels may be solid wood,
plywood, particleboard or
louvered or
have glass inserts.
• Additional vertical members
called mullions are used to divide
the door into any number of
panels.
Hinged Door – Framed & Panelled

30. Hinged Door – Glazed/Sash
• This type is used in residential
and public buildings.
• It provides natural lighting and to
make the interior of the room
visible from adjoining rooms.
• It can be made fully glazed or
partly glazed.
• Fully glazed doors are
recommended where sufficient
light is required through the door
openings like in shopping malls,
entrance halls etc.
• Incase of partly glazed, the
bottom 1/3 part is usually
panelled and upper 2/3 part is
glazed.

31. Fully Glazed Door Partly Glazed Door

32. Hinged Door – Flushed
• Flush doors are simply doors with
a completely flat surface on both
sides.
• Flush doors can come in solid
format which is a door made of
solid wood or hollow format
which is lightweight and
comprised of two layers of thin
timber separated, usually, by a
lightweight honeycomb core. The
core is covered with either
hardboard or plywood on both
sides.
• Solid flush doors are usually used
as fire-check doors.
• Flush doors are lighter and
cheaper than other types.

33. Honeycomb core
Solid format
Hollow format

35. Hinged Door – Louvered
• A louvered door has fixed or
movable wooden louvers which
permit open ventilation while
preserving privacy and preventing the
passage of light to the interior.
• They are most commonly used for
bath and W.C. In residential and
public buildings, where good
ventilation is desired.
• The door may be louvered to its full
height or may be partly louvered and
partly paneled.
• The louvers are arranged in inclined
fashion thus obstructs the vision but
permits entry of air.
• Louvers may be fixed or movable.
• Louvers may be of timber, plywood
or glass.
• However, they are difficult to clean.

36. Partly Louvered and partly
panel
Two Panel Louvered Fully Louvered

37. Hinged Door – Wire Gauged
• Wire gauge or fly proof
door shutters are fixed
to provide free air
circulation and prevent
mosquitoes, flies,
insects etc. from
entering into the
building.

38. Revolving Door
 Provided in public buildings, like
banks, museums, hotels, offices
etc.
 A revolving door normally has four
wings/leaves that hang on a center
shaft and rotate one way about a
vertical axis within a round
enclosure.
 The shutters may be fully paneled,
fully glazed or partly glazed.
 The glass doors allow people to see
and anticipate each other while
walking through.
 People can walk out of and into the
building at the same time.
 The door closes automatically when
not in use.

39. Sliding Door
• the shutter slide horizontally
along tracks with the help of
runners and rails
• common in places where
there is no space to swing
the door.
• consist of either one, two or
three doors that slide by
each other on a track
depending upon the size of
opening and space available
for sliding
• easily cleaned and
maintained.

40. Swing Door
• The shutter is fitted to its
frame by special double action
hinges.
• The hinges permits the shutter
to move both ways, inward as
well as outward.
• To open the door, a slight push
is made and the spring action
brings the shutter in closed
position.
• The return of the shutter is
with force and thus, the door
shall be either fully glazed Or
provided with a peep hole at
eye level, to avoid accidents.

41. Double Action Hinge

42. Collapsible Door
 Such doors are used in
garages, workshops, public
buildings etc. to provide
increased safety and protection
to property.
 The doors do not require
hinges to close or open the
shutter nor the frame to hang
them.
 It acts like a steel curtain.
 The shutter operate between
two rails, one fixed to the floor
and other to the lintel.
 Rollers are mounted at the top
and bottom.

44. Rolling Shutter
• A roller shutter, roller
door or sectional
overhead door is a type
of door or window
shutter consisting of
many horizontal slat
hinged together.
• The door is raised to open
it and lowered to close it.
• On large doors, the
action may be motorized.
• It provides protection
against wind and rain.

45. Battened & Ledged Doors
Timber Wood

46. Framed & Panelled Doors
Flush Doors

47. Steel Doors
Glass Doors

48. PVC Doors
Fiberglass Doors

49. • Fiber Reinforced Plastic Doors

50. Aluminium Doors

51. Folding Doors

52. Sliding Doors

53. • Swinging Doors Revolving Doors

54. Collapsible Doors
Rolling Shutter Doors

55. Pivot Doors