Capitalism is a system that operates according to the principle of entropy because it presents the universal tendency to evolve into a growing disorder and self-destruction. This situation is evidenced by the downward trend of the profit rate of the United States, largest world economy which was 24% in 1950 and 13% in 2000 and reach a rate of profit equal to zero in 2059, as well as the fall in the rate of profit at historical cost of the fixed capital of US corporations which was 32% in 1947 and 13% in 2007 and will reach zero in 2048. It follows, therefore, that the world capitalist system would become infeasible made impossible between 2048 and 2059 because profit rates will be negative from the mid-twenty-first century. Neoliberalism by denying the regulation of the world capitalist system collaborates on bringing the system to self-destruction.

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ENTROPY AND DEATH OF WORLD CAPITALIST SYSTEM
Fernando Alcoforado *
Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity that measures the degree of irreversibility of a
system that is generally associated with what is called a "disorder" of a thermodynamic
system. Entropy measures the degree of disorder of a system. The greater the disorder of
a system, the greater its entropy. According to the second law of thermodynamics, a
boiler produces work by converting energy of fuel into heat, and hence thermal energy.
But, the thermal energy cannot be completely reversed in work. An example of entropy
is the lighting provided by incandescent bulbs, in that not all electricity (energy) used is
converted in the form of light (useful energy), but a part is lost as heat (useless energy
for lighting).
The concepts of reversible and irreversible processes may be described mathematically
using the concept of entropy. Reversible process is one in which the system can
spontaneously return to the position (or state) original. This usually occurs in
mechanical transformations frictionless. In case of friction, the body suffers power loss
and therefore could not return to the initial situation. In this case, this is an irreversible
process that is one where the system cannot spontaneously return to the original state.
Ice melting process is a classic example of increase of entropy that this is an irreversible
process. The theory of entropy aims, therefore, to measure the degradation of energy
that occurs in a system according to the second law of thermodynamics and the fact that
in any physical change nor all the energy that is in the initial system and constitutes the
body is found in the system and the constitution of the final body.
While entropy is a measure of disorder or unpredictability of the performance of a
system, syntropy is its opposite, that is, represents the degree of order and predictability
existing in a system. The principle of syntropy is a process that precludes the disruption
and loss of energy by injection of new energy generated from this same or other
process, from outside the system. An example of syntropy is the metabolism of living
organisms in which to face the catabolism that lead to consumption and tissue
destruction in the body for life and performs anabolism, reconstructs the tissues through
the ingestion of foods ie substances removed from the outside world to the body /
system.
The syntropy is a cybernetic principle of organization, unity, unlike the entropy, which
is the disorganization and disintegration. Exists entropy (loss, disorganization) and
syntropy (gain, organization) in the context of thermodynamics (energy) and
cybernetics (information). A system is cybernetic when processing information and is
able to adjust its own operation automatically to process the information (feedback)
coming from inside and outside the system itself. Examples of cybernetic systems are
living organisms, automatic machines, institutions, etc. Entropy is the tendency of
cybernetic systems to disorganize, losing energy and information and goes towards self-
destruction. Syntropy is the programming of cybernetic systems to organize and
reorganize in order to maintain or restore energy and information in order to preserve its
configuration and existence, a self-preservation program.
It can be said that capitalism is a system that operates according to the principle of
entropy because it presents the universal tendency to evolve into a growing disorder and
self-destruction. This situation is evidenced by the downward trend of the profit rate of
the United States, largest world economy which was 24% in 1950 and 13% in 2000 and

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reach a rate of profit equal to zero in 2059, as well as the fall in the rate of profit at
historical cost of the fixed capital of US corporations which was 32% in 1947 and 13%
in 2007 and will reach zero in 2048. It follows, therefore, that the world capitalist
system would become infeasible made impossible between 2048 and 2059 because
profit rates will be negative from the mid-twenty-first century. Neoliberalism by
denying the regulation of the world capitalist system collaborates on bringing the
system to self-destruction.
All available data point in the sense that the world capitalist system evolves to a
growing disorder and self-destruction because the Earth is now reaching its limits in the
use of its natural resources. Today, due to the current rate of consumption, the demand
for natural resources exceeds 41% of spare capacity of the Earth. If the escalation of this
demand continues at this rate, by 2030, with an estimated global population of 10
billion people, two Earths will be needed to meet it. Currently, over 80% of the world
population lives in countries that use more resources than their own ecosystems can
renew. The core capitalist countries (European Union, United States and Japan),
ecological debtors, have exhausted their own resources and have to import them.
An indisputable fact is that humanity already consumes more natural resources than the
planet can replenish. The capitalist system is mainly responsible for this situation to
deplete the natural resources of planet Earth and pollute the extreme soil, water and the
oceans, and threatens the survival of mankind and living beings in general with climate
change catastrophic resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases. Moreover, the
world capitalist system has downward trend of the profit rate that will be zero in the
mid-twenty-first century. The world capitalist system is an excellent example of entropy
given that tends to growing disorders that inevitably lead to the collapse as an economic
system.
Georgescu-Roegen (1906-1994), Romanian economist, author of The Entropy Law and
the Economic Process (GEORGESCU-Roegen, Nicholas The Entropy Law and the
Economic Process. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), sought integrate the
economy with thermodynamics, with evolutionary biology and ecology, which is why
he is known as the father of ecological economics. In terms of metaphor, laws such as
the trend towards falling rate of profit (Marx) and diminishing returns in the capitalist
system can be considered as entropy of the economic system. It also seems clear that the
entropy that occurs in the material world is reflected also in economic activity. But this
economist went further to try to establish the entropy as economic law [ALDEIA, João.
Entropia e (de)crescimento (Entropy and decrease of growth). Available on the website
<http://puraeconomia.blogspot.com.br/2004/11/entropia-e- decrescimento.html>, 2004).
The foreseeable depletion of mineral resources, particularly energy resources, and the
threat of catastrophic climate change, major themes of the green agenda, fit well in the
entropic process. Economic activity gives rise to new products and solutions to new and
old problems (for diseases, old and new, pharmacology and biotechnology, for
example), but at the cost of the disruption of other systems, which ultimately will lead
to the death of the whole system. Until the 1960s, economic growth seemed to be the
only way to promote the well-being of people. Georgescu-Roegen, versed in
mathematics and statistics, dared to challenge the traditional speech and spoke strong
words to the contrary to a logic that seemed until then irreproachable. This expert, in his
time, said, among other things, that "the growth levels of the economy could no longer
continue without that future generations pay the burden of irresponsibility"

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[OLIVEIRA, Marcus Eduardo. Economia e Entropia: A Economia do Futuro e o
Futuro da Economia (The Future Economy and the Future of Economics). Available on
the website <https://www.ecodebate.com.br/2010/06/14/economia-e-entropia-a-
economia-do-futuro-e-o-futuro-da-economia-artigo-de-marcus-eduardo-de-oliveira/>,
2010].
For all these reasons it becomes imperative to implement a sustainable society on a
global scale which is one that meets the current generation needs without diminishing
the ability of future generations to meet them and thus contribute to building peace
world. The new Global Sustainable Society must be able to regulate the world economy
and international relations based on a Planetarium Social Contract to promote global
economic prosperity based on the model of sustainable development for the benefit of
all human beings. This Planetarium Social Contract should result from the will of the
UN General Assembly that would be the new World Parliament that would elect a
World Government representative of the will of all peoples of the world.
* Fernando Alcoforado, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011),
Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) and
Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2015).