Rights and duties

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LECTURE 04
MODULE-02
RIGHTS AND DUTIES
October 07, 2020
By:
Md. Esraz-Ul-Zannat
Assistant Professor
Dept. of URP, KUET
SRD 1103:
State and Government (2 Credits)

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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These slides are aggregations for better understanding of the given
subject. I acknowledge the contribution of all the authors and
photographers, power point slides from where I tried to accumulate the
info and used for better presentation.

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
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Able to understand individual rights and
duties as citizen of a state

4. STUDY SUGGESTION
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 Provided slide and links.
 https://www.smu.edu/Provost/Ethics/Resources/EthicsToolBox/UnderstandingtheTools/MoralRightsTh
eoreticalBackground#:~:text=Natural%20rights%20are%20moral%20rights,term%20human%20rights%20
are%20synonymous.
 Class Materials (Google Drive)
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1udZWxclGmGp6gXXWS0sg
kJCNSSpgURYf?usp=sharing

5. CONTENTS
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(1/14) Definition of Rights
(2/14) Essential of Rights
(3/14) Nature and Characteristics of Rights
(4/14) Classification of Rights
(5/14) Human rights
(6/14) Differences between Human Rights and Fundamental Rights
(7/14) Necessary Arrangements For the Protection of Rights
(8/14) Duties
(9/14) Moral Duties towards oneself
(10/14) Moral Duties towards Family
(11/14) Moral Duties towards Society
(12/14) Moral Duties towards Humanity
(13/14) Legal Duties
(14/14) Relationship between Rights and Duties

6. (1/14) DEFINITION OF RIGHTS
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“Man is born with rights and duties”
Man is a social animal. Human nature has two aspects, one is personal and other is related
to his social life.
Right => Personal life
Duties => Social Life
Rights are those claims which are necessary for the growth of individuals. Society give
recognitions to these claims and state enforce these claims.
 Right is anything which is owed or due.
 Right is the moral power, bound to be respected by others.

7. (2/14) ESSENTIAL OF RIGHTS
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 Right is claim, desire or power of a person to act, possess or achieve something.
 It is recognize by the society or state. Rights have tendency to grow and change with
the passage of time in conditions of social life and progress.
 Every right has a corresponding duty.
 It should serve the moral end of the state like general welfare and common good of
all men.

8. (3/14) NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RIGHTS
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 Rights are possible only in the society
 Rights are the claims of the individual
 Rights are recognized and enforced by the society
 Rights are not absolute
 Rights are equal for all
 Rights are bound with duties
 Rights keep on changing
 Rights can be used for social goods
 Rights are moral and reasonable

9. (4/14) CLASSIFICATION OF RIGHTS
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Rights
Natural Moral Legal Fundamental
Rights Rights Rights Rights
Civil Rights Political Rights Economic Rights

10. (4/14) NATURAL RIGHTS
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 Natural Rights - Based on the natural law. The doctrine that people have basic
rights, such as those to life, liberty, and property in a state of nature. Some writers,
argued that certain of these rights are inalienable-inherent in being human-and that
people create governments to protect those rights.
 Locke wrote that all individuals are equal in the sense that they are born with certain
"inalienable" natural rights. That is, rights that are God-given and can never be taken
or even given away. Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are "life,
liberty, and property."

11. (4/14) MORAL RIGHTS
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 Moral rights are justified by moral standards that most people acknowledge, but
which are not codified in law, and therefore have been interpreted differently by
different people.
 One of the most important and influential interpretations of moral rights is based
on the work of Immanuel Kant, an eighteenth century philosopher. Kant
maintained that each of us has a worth or a dignity that must be respected. This
dignity makes it wrong for others to abuse us or to use us against our will. Kant
expressed this idea in a moral principle: humanity must always be treated as an end,
not merely as a means. To treat a person as a mere means is to use a person to
advance one's own interest. But to treat a person as an end is to respect that person's
dignity by allowing each the freedom to choose for himself or herself.

12. (4/14) MORAL RIGHTS (OTHER CONTEXT)
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Moral rights are personal rights that connect the creator of a work to their work.
Moral rights are about being properly named or credited when your work is used, and
the way your work is treated and shown.
Moral rights require that your name is always shown with your work. This is called right
of attribution. For example:
your name should always appear next to your artwork in an exhibition
your name should always appear in the credits of a film you performed in
your name should always appear with any writing you have published
Moral rights also require that your work is not treated in any way that hurts your
reputation. This is called right of integrity. For example, it means that:
no one can change your work without your permission
no one can destroy your work without first asking you if you want to take it back
no one can show your work in a way that damages its meaning

13. (4/14) FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
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 Rights to equality
 Rights to freedom
 Rights against exploitations
 Rights to religious freedom
 Cultural and educational rights
 Rights to constitutional remedies

14. (4/14) LEGAL RIGHTS
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 Civil rights
 Economic rights
 Political rights

15. (4/14) CIVIL RIGHTS
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 Right to Life
 Right to Family
 Rights to Personal Freedom
 Right to Education
 Rights to Religious Freedom
 Right to Equality
 Right to Freedom of Thought and Expression
 Right to Freedom of Movement
 Rights to Press
 Rights to Secure Justice
 Right form Association
 Right to Contract
 Right to freedom in Domestic Matters
 Right to Social Security

16. (4/14) ECONOMIC RIGHTS
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 Right to Work
 Right to Adequate Wages
 Right to Property
 Right to Rest And Leisure
 Right to Economic Security
 Right to Fixed hours of work

17. (4/14) POLITICAL RIGHTS
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 Right to Vote
 Right to Contest Election
 Right to hold Public Offices
 Right to form Political Parties and Association etc.
 Rights to Petition
 Right to Criticize The Government
 Right to Protection in other Countries
 Right to Information

18. (5/14) HUMAN RIGHTS
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Human Rights refers to the concept of human beings as having universal natural rights,
or status, regardless of legal jurisdiction or other localizing, such as ethnicity, nationality,
and sex.
 set of standard that guarantee a life befitting a rational human being.
 are basic and minimum standards without which people can’t live in dignity.
 guarantees the development and wholeness of our being.
 are the “Foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world.”

19. (5/14) CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
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 INHERENT - essential part or our lives, intrinsic.
 UNIVERSAL - people have human rights whoever they are and wherever they are.
 INDIVISIBLE - human rights must be enjoyed by everyone in its full range.
 INALIENABLE - can’t be taken away or transferred (but can be limited when the
exercise of it is an affront to the rights of others.

20. (6/14) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND FR
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https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-fundamental-rights-and-human-
rights.html#:~:text=Fundamental%20rights%20includes%20only%20those,basic%20to%20a%20normal%20life.&text=As%20against%2C%20the%20human%20
rights,are%20recognised%20at%20international%20level.

21. (7/14) NECESSARY ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF RIGHTS
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 Inclusion of rights in the constitution
 Difficult method to amend the constitution
 Provision of constitutional remedies
 Independent judiciary
 Not to make law against the rights vigilant citizen
 Democratic government
 Separation of powers - strong opposition party
 Free and honest press
 Right to information

22. (8/14) DUTIES
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The word duty is derived from the word ‘Debt’ which means loan. Thus, duty is a kind
loan which citizens pay in return of his rights.
“ Duty is an obligation to do or Duty is an obligation to do or not to do something for
the not to do something for the sake of other.” sake of other.”
Classification of duties-:
1. Moral Duties
2. Legal Duties

23. (9/14) DUTIES TOWARDS ONE’SELF
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 Character building
 Self-control
 Good health
 Honesty
 Truthfulness
 To get education
 To earn one’s livelihood
 Simple living and high thinking
 Disciplined daily life
 Progressive outlook
 Hard work

24. (10/14) MORAL DUTIES TOWARDS FAMILY
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 Obedience
 Ideal atmosphere in home
 Procreation of children
 To take of the health of the health of others
 Fulfilment of needs
 Family planning
 Saving
 To provide education to his children
 To look after the old parents
 To bring fame to the family

25. (11/14) MORAL DUTIES TOWARDS SOCIETY
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 Social service
 To keep the surroundings clean
 To eradicate social evils
 Co-operation
 To spread love among others
 Help in arresting criminals
 Development of villages and cities
 To join others in sorrows and happiness
 To have compassion

26. (12/14) MORAL DUTIES TOWARDS HUMANITY
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 Not to discriminate
 To help in the maintenance of world peace
 To rise above blind nationalism
 To help the poor
 Sense of world citizenship

27. (13/14) LEGAL DUTIES
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 Loyalty towards the state
 Obedience to laws
 Respect for the constitution
 Respect for the national flag
 Payment of taxes
 Proper use of right to vote
 Military service
 Co-operation with the government
 Protection of public property

28. (14/14) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RIGHTS AND DUTIES
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 Rights and duties go together
 My right is other’s duty
 My right is my duty also
 Right should be used for social good
 Duty toward the state
 Rights without duties are mere powers

29. CONCLUSION
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Rights are those conditions of life without which are essential
for the all round development of personality of individuals.
Rights and duties are closely related. In the absence of one,
the other becomes meaningless.

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ANY DOUBTS???

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WHAT HAS BEEN COVERED
(1/14) Definition of Rights
(2/14) Essential of Rights
(3/14) Nature and Characteristics of Rights
(4/14) Classification of Rights
(5/14) Human rights
(6/14) Differences between Human Rights and Fundamental Rights
(7/14) Necessary Arrangements For the Protection of Rights
(8/14) Duties
(9/14) Moral Duties towards oneself
(10/14) Moral Duties towards Family
(11/14) Moral Duties towards Society
(12/14) Moral Duties towards Humanity
(13/14) Legal Duties
(14/14) Relationship between Rights and Duties

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WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNT
Understanding of the following:
 Meaning and definition of rights and duties
 Concept of rights and duties
 ….. Form questions..

33. THANKING YOU

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SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Define rights and duties
2. What are the necessary arrangements for ensuring rights.

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WHAT NEXT???
LECTURE 05
MODULE-03
CONSTITUTION

36. Good Bye from Planet Earth