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'



                     -
                               '


    ¯   mdzvi@technion.ac.il
'                                  ¯
The Problem With an Almost-
   Perfect Genetic World
                   Nov. 2005
-
¯
2010

               6000 -   •
'               25      •
           ,            •
     35            ,
<---


   Natural history <---


Recurrence risk <---
3-5% -




         •
         •
20% - Single gene defect –



5% -
                             *
                       -     *
5% -

       Y
Jan. 17, 1994
2003




DNA : ~ 30,000 genes


RNA: at least 100,000 transcripts?


Proteins: millions
Haemophilia                            Peptic ulcer
                Osteogenesis imperfecta                Diabetes
Duchenne                                  Club foot
muscular dystrophy                        Pyloric stenosis               Tuberculosis
                                          Dislocation of
                                          hip


                         GENETIC                         ENVIRONMENTAL



                                                                               Scurvy
                                             Spina bifida
                                             Ischaemic heart disease
             Phenylketonuria
                                             Ankylosing spondylitis
             Galactosaemia
30% -          .1

  (DS -      )   10% -
(FRAX -      )   15% -
                 5% -
20% -       .2

1% -
12% -           -
 7% -
?   50%
......
....




                      US
                      X


CMV
A-CGH
     SMA



                  -
-
            DS-
PGD -             US
        -   -
Phenylketonuria
   Congenital Hypothyroidism
   Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
   Maple Syrup Urine disease-MSUD
   Homocystinuria
   Tyrosinaemia Type 1(Hepatorenal tyrosinemia)
   Methylmalonic Acidaemia
   Propionic Acidaemia
   Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
   Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
   deficiency
   Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
   deficiency (VLCAD)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
   Hearing screening
–




-   -
–



            -




-       -
•

                                                                       ?

                Haemophilia                            Peptic ulcer
                Osteogenesis imperfecta                Diabetes
Duchenne                                  Club foot
muscular dystrophy                        Pyloric stenosis                 Tuberculosis
                                          Dislocation of
                                          hip


                         GENETIC                         ENVIRONMENTAL



                                                                                 Scurvy
                                             Spina bifida
                                             Ischaemic heart disease
             Phenylketonuria
                                             Ankylosing spondylitis
             Galactosaemia
:
"                        ,           "
        :¯
             ,       ¯               ¯   •
    ,                    ¯
                     ,
                                 ¯
    ¯            ¯                       •
                             ¯

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עולם גנטי כמעט מושלם לאתר לחנה גינת (2)

  • 1. ' - ' ¯ mdzvi@technion.ac.il ' ¯
  • 2. The Problem With an Almost- Perfect Genetic World Nov. 2005
  • 3. -
  • 4. ¯
  • 5. 2010 6000 - • ' 25 • , • 35 ,
  • 6. <--- Natural history <--- Recurrence risk <---
  • 7. 3-5% - • •
  • 8. 20% - Single gene defect – 5% - * - *
  • 9. 5% - Y
  • 11. 2003 DNA : ~ 30,000 genes RNA: at least 100,000 transcripts? Proteins: millions
  • 12. Haemophilia Peptic ulcer Osteogenesis imperfecta Diabetes Duchenne Club foot muscular dystrophy Pyloric stenosis Tuberculosis Dislocation of hip GENETIC ENVIRONMENTAL Scurvy Spina bifida Ischaemic heart disease Phenylketonuria Ankylosing spondylitis Galactosaemia
  • 13. 30% - .1 (DS - ) 10% - (FRAX - ) 15% - 5% -
  • 14. 20% - .2 1% - 12% - - 7% -
  • 15. ? 50%
  • 17. .... US X CMV A-CGH SMA -
  • 18. - DS- PGD - US - -
  • 19. Phenylketonuria Congenital Hypothyroidism Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Maple Syrup Urine disease-MSUD Homocystinuria Tyrosinaemia Type 1(Hepatorenal tyrosinemia) Methylmalonic Acidaemia Propionic Acidaemia Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD) -------------------------------------------------------------------- Hearing screening
  • 20. – - -
  • 21. - - -
  • 22.
  • 23. ? Haemophilia Peptic ulcer Osteogenesis imperfecta Diabetes Duchenne Club foot muscular dystrophy Pyloric stenosis Tuberculosis Dislocation of hip GENETIC ENVIRONMENTAL Scurvy Spina bifida Ischaemic heart disease Phenylketonuria Ankylosing spondylitis Galactosaemia
  • 24. : " , " :¯ , ¯ ¯ • , ¯ , ¯ ¯ ¯ • ¯