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1.
RepRap
and
Free and Open Hardware
@ErikDeBruijn
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2.
Impact
Freedom to copy software is an
important right because it is easy
now – any computer can do it.
Freedom to copy hardware is not
as important, because copying
hardware is hard to do.
– Richard Stallman on Linux Today,
1999
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3.
It is important
“Easy, anyone can do it”
1. Any computer can copy software 2. Anyone has a computer
FOR SOFTWARE:
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4.
It is important
“Easy, anyone can do it”
1. Any fabricator can copy hardware 2. Anyone has a fabricator
FOR HARDWARE:
Driven by:
Low cost
Ease of use
Capabilities
Discovery of applications
Word-of-mouth
Etc.
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5.
Open source in hardware
● Increasingly important as more people can
have fabrication resources,
● as there are more motives to actually adopt
these resources,
● as collaboration becomes easier
(partly endogenous to the community's
ecosystem)
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6.
Viability of Open Design
● Motives
● Benefits
● Other incentives
● Means / Opportunity
● Community
● Infrastructure
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7.
Motives
● Intellectual challenge & achievement
“Technically challenging, fun potentially useful, developing skills.”
● Autonomy
● Benefits
● Relatedness / community
● Meaning
”Hope to change the world by democratizing design and manufacture of material
goods. good for freedom, good for planet.”
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8.
What would you make?
iPhone Dock? A replacement buckle? A tiny violin?
A whistle?
(with pea inside)
Art, gifts? Caps for
LED-candles?
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9.
Toys (for all ages)
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10.
Do Don't!
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11.
Do Don't!
thing://1672
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12.
MediBrace by juniortan
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3982
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13.
Spare parts
Threat or opportunity?
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14.
Making: Replacements or extensions
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15.
Open Source Fusion
powered by
3D printed parts
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16.
Benefits and incentives
● Make things that producers aren't inclined to
provide (low demand, low profitability, brand
image, patents, etc.)
● Get things customized, faster
● Innovate independently or in communities
● Repair
● Do It Yourself – Do It Together!
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17.
http://www.thingiverse.com/Erik
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18.
Replacement parts
schaakstuk kwijt?
onderdeel stuk?
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3982
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19.
Fixing your blender
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20.
Intrinsic motivations
● Intrinsic motivation creates more creative
results
● People requires no monitoring, and informal
governance can be enough
● People like to share!
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21.
The means to do Open Design
● Money?
● Community
– Access to knowledge, spreading workload, etc.
● Infrastructure
– Fabricators
– Sharing platforms
– A commons of physical designs
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22.
• Online proposal for an open
source standard construction kit
• Extruded aluminum beam
• Suitable for mass production:
high up-front costs
• Crowdfunded by 132 people
• > 17k in pledges received in
months
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23.
The means to do Open Design
✔ Money?
● Community
– Access to knowledge, spreading workload, etc.
● Infrastructure
– Fabricators
– Sharing platforms
– A commons of physical designs
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24.
Community growth
4~5 x Moore's Law
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25.
4~5 x
(log scale)
Moore's Law
Community growth
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26.
Proliferation of OS Fab. Equip.
RepRap & derivatives Industry Giant (Stratasys)
R&D manpower > 1000 people
(145-182 FTE R&D)
100 people
~100 FTE R&D
R&D expenditure $ 384,000 – 478,000 ~ $ 7.5 mln.
Yearly growth
2005-2010:
400–600%
Yearly growth & decline
2006-2009:
-17%–17%
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27.
The means to do Open Design
✔ Money?
✔ Community
– Access to knowledge, spreading workload, etc.
● Infrastructure
– Fabricators
– Sharing platforms
– A commons of physical designs
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28.
Infrastructure:
Fabricators
Affordable & open!
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29.
version 1.0
CC-SA-BY Erik de Bruijn
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30.
- version 2.0
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31.
RepRap
version 3.0?
Video
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32.
Version 4.0: Self-assembly
Download: www.thingiverse.com/thing:978
RepRap
version 4.0?
Video
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33.
RepRap versie 5.0
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34.
A commons of components
Robot modules or even complete robots
Micro 'factories' and complete 3D printers
Personal 3D
Printer
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35.
The means to do Open Design
✔ Money?
✔ Community
– Access to knowledge, spreading workload, etc.
✔ Infrastructure
✔ Fabricators
✔ Sharing platforms
✔ A commons of physical designs
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36.
Main take away
● You can participate in creating the open source
revolution in physical designs!
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37.
More info
Main project:
www.RepRap.org
Companies:
www.Makerbot.com
www.Ultimaker.com, etc.
Other projects:
www.makerbeam.com
,
www.Thingiverse.com
Videos:
www.youtube.com/erikdb
Twitter:
@erikdebruijn
My Company:
www.BudgetDedicated.com
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38.
References
• Discussion
• Further infomation
o My blog: http://erikdebruijn.nl
o p2pfoundation.org
o RepRap project: www.RepRap.org
o RepLab.org - creating open replicable FabLab's
o Democratizing Innovation (By Eric von Hippel) and user
innovation literature
o Thingiverse objects:
Personal 3D printer (thing:815)
mail-me@ErikDeBruijn.nl
My vCard:
For hardware, if the same conditions were satisfied, the four freedoms would be equally important.
0 = use
1 = study
2 = distribute
3 = improve
Not just a lot of toys.
Amateurs play with it.
Amateurs do different things with it and will experiment more.
Manufacturer would say, this could never be a product. The quality is awful.
Resourceful user: I can now open the door, and this will do until the weekend when I buy a new door handle.
Incomplete voorwerpen gaan weer langer mee.
Batterijklepjes van de afstandsbedieningen.
Kapotte voorwerpen repareren.
Comparing Mendel's Law ;) and Moore's Law is comparing apples and oranges, or 3D printers and transistors. Still, the technologies are both transformative.
Comparing Mendel's Law ;) and Moore's Law is comparing apples and oranges, or 3D printers and transistors. Still, the technologies are both transformative.
It usually is a blend of art, science or contains things that are just useful to print instead of going to the store.
It usually is a blend of art, science or contains things that are just useful to print instead of going to the store.