Brief introduction to the organic agriculture in Europe

1. Brief Introduction to
Organic Agriculture in Europe
OCIA EUROPE
Regional Office
Organic
Crop
Improvement
Association
OCIA
International
China
Shanghai
7 April 2006

2. OCIA International
Agriculture and environment
Half of the European Union’s (EU’s) land is farmed. This
fact alone highlights the importance of farming for the
EU’s natural environment.
Farming has contributed over the centuries to creating
and maintaining a variety of valuable semi-natural
habitats.
Farming also supports a diverse rural community that is
not only a fundamental asset of European culture, but also
plays an essential role in maintaining the environment in a
healthy state.
Source: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/envir/index

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Origins of organic farming
Sir Albert Howard…..1900
Rudolf Steiner
Ehrenfried Pfeiffer
George Ohsawa…….1929
Shagen Ishizuka
Jerome I.Rodale…….1946
Rachel Carson………1962

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Organic farming
Organic farming favours renewable resources and recycling
returning to the soil the nutrients found in waste products
Where livestock is concerned, meat and poultry production is
regulated with particular concern for animal welfare and by
using natural foodstuffs
Organic farming respects the environment´s own systems for
controlling pests and disease in raising crops and livestock
and avoids the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides,
chemical fertilisers, growth hormones, antibiotics or gene
manipulation, instead, organic farmers use a range of
techniques that help sustain ecosystems and reduce pollution
The EU's included a great emphasis on rural development, with
respect for the environment at its core

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Organic farming in the EU
Increased consumer awareness of food safety issues
targeted by food scandals and environmental concerns
has contributed to the growth in organic farming over the
last few years
Although it only represented around 3 % of the total EU
utilised agricultural area (UAA) in 2000, organic farming
has in fact developed into one of the most dynamic
agricultural sectors in the European Union
The organic farm sector grew by about 25 % a year
between 1993 and 1998 and, since 1998, is estimated to
have grown by around 30 % a year

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Organic farming in the EU
Organic farming has to be understood as part of a
sustainable farming system and a viable
alternative to the more traditional approaches to
agriculture
Since the EU rules on organic farming came into
force in 1992, thousands of farms have been
converted to this system as a result of increased
consumer awareness and an increase demand
for organically grown products

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The benefits of organic farming on
the rural development
Organic farming represent real opportunities on several levels,
contributing to vibrant rural economies through sustainable
development
New employment opportunities in farming, processing and
related services are evident in the growth of the organic sector
As well as the environmental advantages, these farming
systems can bring significant benefits both to the economy
and the social cohesion of rural areas
The availability of financial support and other incentives for
farmers to convert to organic production is designed to help
the sector grow still further

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Organic agriculture in the world
Currently more than 31 million hectares of
farmland are under organic management
worldwide
A gain of around five million hectares in a single
year
A major increase of organic land has taken place
in China, with more than three million hectares of
pastoral land certified
Source: Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006.
(IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL

10. OCIA International
Organic hectares in the world

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Organic land in the world
In terms of organic land, excluding wild collection, Australia
leads pack with 12.1 million hectares, followed by China (3.5
million hectares) and Argentina (2.8 million hectares).
Most of the world’s organic land is in Australia / Oceania
(39%), followed by Europe (21 %), Latin America (20%), Asia
(13%), North America (4 %) and Africa (3 %).
Regarding the share of organic farmland in comparison with
the total agricultural area, Austria, Switzerland and
Scandinavian countries lead the way.
In Switzerland more than ten percent of the agricultural land
is managed organically
Source: Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006.
(IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL

12. OCIA International
Area under organic management
per continent

13. OCIA International
Area by country under organic and
in conversion to organic
3´466,570
Hectares
Source: FiBL- Survey 2005/2006

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The 10 countries with the highest percentage of
land area under organic management

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The 10 countries with the largest
area under organic management

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World wide value of organic Markets
In 2004, the market value of organic products
worldwide reached 27.8 billion US$, (23.5
billion EUR), the largest share of organic
products being marketed in Europe and North
America
Ongoing growth of the market and organic
land area is expected for the foreseeable
future, in part due to an increased support of
governments and from development
organizations
Source: Willer, Helga and Minou Yussefi, The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006.
(IFOAM), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL

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Certified organic benefits
Increase in price
+ = €
The most important: health and
environmental benefits

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Sustainable development
The sustainability of both agriculture and the
environment is a key policy objective of today's
Common Agricultural Policy
Sustainable development means that the needs of
people living today can be met without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs
This requires farmers to consider the effect that
their activities will have on the future of agriculture
and how the systems they employ shape the
environment

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Organic farming / CAP
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) requires the
Member States to adopt appropriate environmental
protection measures relating to all types of
agriculture
Farmers are now expected to respect certain basic
environmental standards without any financial
compensation and the 'polluter-pays' principle is
being applied
The agri-environment measures under the rural
development programmes offer farmers payments
for environmental commitments that go beyond
good farming practice

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Organic farming / CAP
Organic farmers are entitled to claim agri-environmental
premiums since it is recognised that
this particular farming system benefits the
environment
In addition, organic farming can be promoted
through investment aid in the area of primary
production, processing and marketing
With all of these provisions in place, the framework
of rural development policy is likely to contribute
considerably to the expansion of organic farming.

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Common Agricultural Policy
To understand the role and operation of organic farming
within EU farm policy, it needs to be seen within a range
of different contexts:
Consumers' concerns
Quality assurance and regulation
The extent of organic farming in the EU today
The role of integrated farming
Organic farming and rural development
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Consumers’ concerns
Consumers' fears, triggered by food scares and technological
developments such as genetic modification and food
irradiation, have been translated into serious concern about
food safety, ever-increasing demands for quality assurance
and more information about production methods
Public awareness of the irreversible damage done to the
environment by practices that lead to soil and water pollution,
the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of
delicate ecosystems has led to calls for a more responsible
attitude towards our natural heritage
Organic farming, once seen merely as a fringe interest serving
a niche market, has come to the fore as an agricultural
approach that can not only produce safe food but is
environmentally sound too

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Paying for safety guarantees
Food produced organically has always commanded
a higher price than conventionally produced foods,
a factor which was previously felt to have hindered
the expansion of organic farming
Now a greater number of consumers are proving
willing to pay higher prices in return for guarantees
relating to food safety and quality
Organically produced foods were once difficult to
obtain in other than specialist outlets and local
markets, but they are now available on the shelves
of the major supermarket chains across Europe

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Paying for safety guarantees
The range of products on offer has expanded to
such an extent that a shopper could now
reasonably expect to fill the main part of a
week's food basket entirely with organically
produced foods
A growing consumer market is thus one of the
main factors encouraging farmers to convert to
organic agricultural production

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Traceability
Today's consumers are increasingly
calling for access to information on
how their food is being produced and
are looking for reassurance that due
care with regard to safety and quality
has been exercised at each step in
the process
“from farm to fork”

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The Regulation and the CAP
Among the reforms in the CAP came recognition
of the key role that organic farming could play in
meeting revised objectives, such as reducing
surpluses, promoting quality goods and
integrating environmental conservation practices
into agriculture
For organic farming to enjoy the confidence of
consumers, regulation covering production and
quality is necessary, as well as measures to
prevent fraudulent claims to organic status

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The EU Regulation
Regulations have therefore been introduced to ensure the
authenticity of organic farming methods, which have evolved
into a comprehensive framework for the organic production
of crops and livestock and for the labelling, processing and
marketing of organic products
The first regulation on organic farming [Regulation EEC N°
2092/91] was drawn up in 1991 and, since its
implementation in 1992, many farms across the EU have
converted to organic production methods
In August 1999, rules on production, labelling and inspection
of the most relevant animal species (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats,
and poultry) were also agreed [Reg. EC N° 1804/1999]

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Control measures
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and
products derived from GMOs are explicitly
excluded from organic production methods
The regulations also include imports of organic
agricultural products from third countries whose
organic production criteria and control systems
have been recognised by the EU as equivalent
They also govern imports of organic products
into Europe

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Control measures
Equally important are the associated enforcement
procedures, ensuring that all producers claiming
organic status are registered with the competent
inspection body in their country
These bodies are themselves designated by and
subject to regulation by authorities whose task it is
to verify their capability to administer the schemes
fairly and efficiently
Inspection covers all stages in the production
process, including storage, processing and
packing

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Control measures
Farm inspections are carried out at least once a year
and spot checks are also undertaken
Sanctions for infringements of any of the rules include
instant removal of the right to claim organic status for the
product concerned, with stricter penalties imposed for
more serious breaches
Meticulous record keeping is required, including, for
livestock farmers, complete records of their livestock
management systems
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Basic steps to organic certification
Research & Prepare
•• Field (s) must be free of prohibited inputs for 36 months
•• Seeds must be organic or at the very least non-GMO
• Determine where markets will be
•• Compare organic certification agencies service and market access
•• Present 3 years of field histories
•• Fulfill questionnaires
•• Show accurate field maps
•• Appropriate fees
Inspection
Application
Final review
and decision
• Annual
•• Must allow access to the inspector to all organic
and non-organic portions of the operation
•• Documents and operation will be reviewed
•• Can be a learning tool for the farmer
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o
• Inspection report & other documents are sent for review
•• Decision is made
•• Certificate (s), recommendations and requirements issued
•• Applicants are certified until they surrender or are suspended
•• Must reapply annually
q
r
• Check for any problem areas
•• Prepares applicants for inspections
•• Saves operations time and money
on their inspections
Pre-Inspection Review

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The
organic
logo
In March 2000 the European Commission
introduced a logo bearing the words 'Organic
Farming - EC Control System‘ [Regulation (EEC)
No 2092/91 to be used on a voluntary basis by
producers whose systems and products have been
found on inspection to satisfy EU regulations
Consumers buying products bearing
this logo can be confident that:
At least 95% of the product's ingredients have
been organically produced
The product complies with the rules of the
official inspection scheme
The product has come directly from the
producer or preparer in a sealed package
The product bears the name of the producer,
the preparer or vendor and the name or code
of the inspection body
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Organic Farming Information
System (OFIS)
Import authorisations that the Member States have granted
to third countries (according to Article 11(6) of Regulation
(EEC) no 2092/91)
Authorisations to use agricultural ingredients that cannot be
found from the organic production method (according to
Article 3 of Regulation (EEC) N° 207/93 defining the content
of Annex VI to Council Regulation (EEC) N° 2092/91).
OFIS: http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/ofis_public/index.cfm
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The European Action Plan for
Organic Farming
The European Action Plan for Organic Farming is a pivotal
point for the attempts to integrate all policies affecting
organic farming
The development of a European action plan was initiated
by the European conference on organic farming held in
Copenhagen in May 2001 (Danish Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Fisheries 2001), and subsequently
supported by the Council of Agricultural Ministers in June
2001
A working document from the EU Commission was
presented to the Council of Ministers in December 2002
(EC 2002) and submitted to public consultation in March
2003

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The European Action Plan for
Organic Farming
Suggest a comprehensive and coherent set of
actions and provides a strategic view of the role of
organic farming within the context of agricultural
policy
Contains proposals for the adaptation of the
regulatory framework for supporting organic farming
Stress the importance of the organic food chain, with
emphasis being on the improvement of information,
education, technology development, research and
extension for organic farming and its process chain

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The European Action Plan for
Organic Farming
Address the issue of certification and control and
consider the necessity to build up a “certification
system for the certifiers”, that assures the necessary
competence and independence of the certification
bodies
Provides a basis for continued review of the impacts
of existing policy measures and tax laws on organic
farming to identify and eliminate unintended conflicts
Gives specific consideration to organic farming at all
levels of policy formulation

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The European Action Plan for
Organic Farming
Sets a global target for organic production or
develop some consensus on the longer-term
potential size of the sector
Relates the European activities to the member
states organic action plans, so as to provide the
best opportunities to support local solutions to local
problems
Stress the fact that the European action plan for
organic farming is rather an ongoing process
between policy makers and stakeholders than a
one-time document

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Regulation EEC N° 2092/91
Article 1 (Scope)
This Regulation shall apply to the following products, where such
products bear, or are intended to bear, indications referring to the
organic production method:
(a) Unprocessed agricultural crop products; also livestock and unprocessed
livestock products, to the extent that principles of production and
specific inspection rules for them are introduced in Annexes I and III
(b) Processed agricultural crop and livestock products intended for
human consumption prepared essentially from one or more
ingredients of plant and/or animal origin
(c) Feeding stuffs, compound feeding stuffs and feed materials not
covered under subparagraph (a) as from the entry into force of this
Regulation referred to in paragraph 3
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Organic terms for the purposes
of the Regulation
Spanish: ecológico
Danish: økologisk
German: ökologisch,
biologisch
Greek: βιολογικό
English: organic
French: biologique
Italian: biologico
Dutch: biologisch
Portuguese: biológico
Finnish: luonnonmukainen
Swedish: ekologisk
 Article 2

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Community provisions
Article 3
This Regulation shall apply without prejudice to other
Community provisions or national provisions, in
conformity with Community law, concerning products
specified in Article 1, such as provisions governing the
production, preparation, marketing, labelling and
inspection, including legislation in foodstuffs and animal
nutrition
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Some definitions
 Article 4
2) ‘‘Production’’ shall mean the operations on the agricultural holding involved
in producing, packaging and initially labelling as products of organic
production agricultural products produced on that holding
3) ‘‘Preparation’’ shall mean the operations of preserving and/or processing of
agricultural products (including slaughter and cutting for livestock
products), and also packaging and/or alterations made to the labelling
concerning the presentation of the organic production method of the fresh,
preserved and/or processed products
5) ‘‘Operator’’ shall mean any natural or legal person who produces,
prepares or imports from a third country, with a view to the subsequent
marketing thereof, products as referred to in Article 1, or who markets
such products

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Some definitions
 Article 4
6) ‘‘Ingredients’’ shall mean the substances, including additives, used in the
preparation of the products specified in Article 1 (1) (b), as defined in
Article 6 (4) of Directive 79/112/EEC on the approximation of the laws of
the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising
of foodstuffs for sale to the ultimate consumer
10) ‘‘List of ingredients’’ shall mean the list of ingredients referred to in
Article 6 of Directive 79/112/EEC;
12) ‘‘Genetically modified organism (GMO)’’ shall mean any organism as
defined in Article 2 of Council Directive 90/220/EEC of 23 April 1990 on
the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified
organisms (5)

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Some definitions
 Article 4
13) ‘‘GMO derivative’’ shall mean any substance which is either produced
from or produced by GMOs, but does not contain them
14) ‘‘Use of GMOs and GMO derivatives’’ shall mean use thereof as
foodstuffs, food ingredients (including additives and flavourings),
processing aids (including extraction solvents), feedingstuffs,
compound feeding stuffs, feed materials, feed additives, processing
aids for feeding stuffs, certain products used in animal nutrition (under
Directive 82/471/EEC) (6), plant protection products, veterinary
medicinal products, fertilizers, soil conditioners, seeds, vegetative
reproductive material and livestock

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Labeling
 Article 5
1. The labeling and advertising of a product specified in
Article 1 (1)
(a) may refer to organic production methods only where:
(b) such indications show clearly that they relate to a
method of agricultural production
(b) the product was produced in accordance with the rules
laid down in ►M10 Article 6 ◄ or imported from a third
country under the arrangements laid down in Article 11
(c) the product was produced or imported by an operator
who is subject to the inspection measures laid down in
Articles 8 and 9

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Labeling
 Article 5
3. The labeling and advertising of a product specified in
Article 1 (1)
(b) may bear indications referring to organic production
methods in the sales description of the product only
where:
(a) at least 95 % of the ingredients of agricultural origin
of the product are, or are derived from, products
obtained in accordance with the rules laid down in
Article 6 or imported from third countries under the
arrangements laid down in Article 11

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 Article 5 Labeling
(c) the product contains only substances listed in Annex
VI, Section A, as ingredients of non-agricultural origin
(d) the products or its ingredients of agricultural origin,
referred to in subparagraph (a), have not been
subjected to treatments involving the use of substances
not listed in Annex VI, Section B
(e) the product or its ingredients have not been subjected
to treatments involving the use of ionizing radiation
(f) the product has been prepared or imported by an
operator who is subject to the inspection measures laid
down in Articles 8 and 9

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 Article 5 Labeling
(h) the product has been
produced without the use
of genetically modified
organisms and/or any
products derived from
such organisms

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GMO Surface in the world

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Rules of production
 Article 6
1. The organic production method implies that for the production of
products referred to in Article 1(1)(a) other than seeds and vegetative
propagating material:
(a) at least the requirements of Annex I and, where appropriate, the detailed
rules relating thereto, must be satisfied
(b) only products composed of substances mentioned in Annex I or listed in
Annex II may be used as plant protection products, fertilizers, soil
conditioners, feeding stuffs, feed materials, compound feeding stuffs,
feed additives, substances used in animal nutrition under Directive
82/471/EEC, cleaning and disinfecting products for livestock buildings
and installations, products for pest and disease control of livestock
buildings and installations or for another purpose where such purpose is
specified in Annex II in regard to certain products.

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Rules of production
 Article 6
(c) only seed or vegetative propagating material produced by the organic
production method referred to in paragraph 2 is used
(d) genetically modified organisms and/or any product derived from such
organisms must not be used, with the exception of veterinary medicinal
products
2. The organic production method implies that for seeds and vegetative
reproductive material, the mother plant in the case of seeds and the
parent plant (s) in the case of vegetative propagating material have been
produced:
(a) without the use of genetically modified organisms and/or any products
derived from such organisms, and
(b) in accordance with subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 1 for at least
one generation or, in the case of perennial crops, two growing seasons

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Rules of production
 Article 7
1. Products not authorized at the date of adoption of this
Regulation for a purpose indicated in Article 6(1)(b) may be
included in Annex II, provided that the following conditions
are satisfied:
(a) if they are used for the purpose of plant pest or disease
control or for cleaning and disinfecting livestock buildings
and installations
(b) if they are used for fertilization or soil-conditioning purposes

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Pest Control (Anex I)
3. Pests, diseases and weeds shall be controlled by a
combination of the following measures:
• choice of appropriate species and varieties,
• appropriate rotation programme,
• mechanical cultivation procedures,
• protection of natural enemies of pests through
• provisions favourable to them (e.g. hedges, nesting
sites, release of predators),
• flame weeding
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Inspection system
 Article 8
1. Any operator who produces, prepares or imports from a third country
products as specified in Article 1 for the purpose of marketing them shall:
(a) notify this activity to the competent authority of the Member State
in which the activity is carried out; such notification shall include the
information specified in Annex IV
(b) submit his undertaking to the inspection system referred to in Article 9
2. Member States shall designate an authority or body for the reception of
notifications
3. The competent authority shall ensure that an updated list containing the
names and addresses of operators subject to the inspection system is
made available to interested parties

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Inspection system
 Article 9
1. Member States shall set up an inspection system operated by one or
more designated inspection authorities and/or by approved private
bodies to which the operators referred to in Article 8(1) shall be subject
2. Member States shall adopt the measures necessary to ensure that an
operator who complies with the provisions of this Regulation and pays
his contribution to inspection expenses has access to the inspection
system
3. The inspection system shall comprise at least the application of the
precautionary and inspection measures specified in Annex III
4. For the application of the inspection system operated by private bodies,
Member States shall designate an authority responsible for the approval
and supervision of such bodies

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Inspection system
 Article 9
8. Approved inspection bodies shall:
(a) give the competent authority, for inspection purposes,
access to their offices and facilities, together with any
information and assistance deemed necessary by the
competent authority for the fulfilment of its obligations
pursuant to this Regulation
(b) send to the competent authority of the Member State by 31
January each year a list of operators subject to their
inspection on 31 December of the previous year and
present to the said authority a concise annual report

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Inspection system
 Article 9
11. As from 1 January 1998 and without prejudice to
the provisions of paragraphs 5 and 6, approved
inspection bodies must satisfy the requirements
laid down in the conditions of standard EN 45011
EN 45011 = ISO 65

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Indication that products are covered by
the inspection scheme
 Article 10
1. The indication and/or the logo shown in Annex V indicating that
products are covered by the specific inspection scheme, may appear
on the labeling of products as referred to in Article 1 only where such
products:
(a) satisfy the requirements of Article 5 (1) or (3);
(b) have been subject to the inspection system referred to in Article 9
throughout the production and preparation process or, in the case of
imported products to equivalent measures; in the case of products
imported according to Article 11 (6), the implementation of the
inspection system shall comply with requirements equivalent to those
provided for in Article 9, and in particular paragraph 4 thereof

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General enforcement measures
 Article 10 a
1. Where a Member State finds irregularities or infringements
relating to the application of this Regulation in a product
coming from another Member State and bearing indications
as referred to in Article 2 and/or Annex V, it shall inform the
Member State which designated the inspection authority or
approved the inspection body and the Commission thereby
2. Member States shall take whatever measures and action
are required to prevent fraudulent use of the indications
referred to in Article 2 and/or Annex V

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Imports from third countries
 Article 11
1. Without prejudice to Article 5, products as specified in Article 1 which are
imported from a third country may be marketed only where:
(a) they originate in a third country appearing in a list to be drawn up by a
Commission decision in accordance with the procedure laid down in
Article 14 and were produced in a region or a production unit and under
the inspection of an inspection body specified, where appropriate, in the
decision concerning the third country in question
(b) the competent authority or body in the third country has issued a
certificate of inspection stating that the lot designated in the certificate:
— was obtained within a system of production applying rules equivalent to
those laid down in ►M10 Article 6 ◄, and
— was subject to a system of inspection recognized as equivalent in
accordance with paragraph 2 (b)

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Imports from third countries
 Article 11
6. (a) By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the importer(s)
in a Member State shall be authorized by the competent
authority of the Member State to market until ►M15 31
December 2005 ◄, products imported from a third country
not included in the list
Due to an amending of the regulation since the 20 September
2005, the new date for this deadline changed to:
31 December 2006
Products that originate from these countries are allowed into the EU as equivalent:
Argentina, Australia, Costa Rica, Israel, Switzerland and New Zealand

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Free movement within the
Community
 Article 12
Member States may not, on grounds relating to the method of
production,to labelling or to the presentation of that method,
prohibit or restrict the marketing of products as specified in
Article 1 that meet the requirements of this Regulation
However, with regard to the rules referred to in Annex I, part B,
concerning livestock production, Member States may apply
more stringent rules to livestock and livestock products
produced within their territory, provided that these rules are in
compliance with Community law and do not prohibit or restrict
the marketing of other livestock and livestock products that
meet the requirements of this Regulation

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Articles in the Regulation with
Administrative provisions and
implementations notes
 Article 13
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Article 14
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Article 15
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Article 16

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Annex I and II
ANNEX I
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION AT FARM LEVEL
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ANNEX II
A. FERTILIZERS AND SOIL CONDITIONERS
B. PESTICIDES
C. FEED MATERIALS
D. FEED ADDITIVES, CERTAIN SUBSTANCES USED IN ANIMAL
NUTRITION (DIRECTIVE 82/471/EEC) AND PROCESSING AIDS
USED IN FEEDINGSTUFFS
E. PRODUCTS AUTHORISED FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTION
OF LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS AND INSTALLATIONS (E.G.
EQUIPMENT AND UTENSILS)
F. OTHER PRODUCTS
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Annex III, IV and V
 ANNEX III
MINIMUM INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS AND PRECAUTIONARY
MEASURES UNDER THE INSPECTION SCHEME REFERRED TO
IN ARTICLES 8 AND 9
ANNEX IV
INFORMATION TO BE NOTIFIED AS PROVIDED IN ARTICLE 8 (1)
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 ANNEX V
A. INDICATION THAT PRODUCTS ARE COVERED BY THE
INSPECTION SCHEME
B. COMMUNITY LOGO

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Annex VI
 ANNEX VI
DEFINITIONS
A. INGREDIENTS OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN
(REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(3)(c) AND ARTICLE 5(5a)(d)
B. PROCESSING AIDS AND OTHER PRODUCTS WHICH MAY BE
USED FOR PROCESSING OF INGREDIENTS OF
AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN FROM ORGANIC PRODUCTION,
REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(3)(d) AND ARTICLE 5(5a)(e)
C. INGREDIENTS OF AGRICULTURAL ORIGIN WHICH HAVE NOT
BEEN PRODUCED ORGANICALLY, REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE
5(4)

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Annex VII and VIII
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ANNEX VII
Maximum number of animals per ha Class or species /
Maximum number of animals per ha equivalent to 170 kg
N/ha/year
ANNEX VIII
Minimum surface areas indoors and outdoors and other
characteristics of housing in the different species and types
of production

67. OCIA International
OCIA INTERNATIONAL
OCIA International (IFOAM)
NOP Certification – United States
CAAQ Certification - Quebec, Canada
JAS Certification - Japan
EU 2092/91 – European Union (verification)
Swiss Farming Ordenance (verification)

68. OCIA International
www.ocia.org

69. OCIA International
Thank you