2. Morphology (1)
® Spherical - yeast ® Myxomycota -slime
® Filamentous - molds molds
® w/ cross wall- septa ® Eumycota - true fungi
---Zygomycotina,
® unicellular - yeast
Mastigomycotina,
® multicellular/branched
Ascomycotina,
- mushrooms Basidiomycotina &
® originally classified Deuteromycotina
under plants
4. Morphology (2):
® Thallus - basic ® Mycoherbicides - ability
vegetative unit of fungi to parasitize
® cell wall - chitin certain plants; e.g. weeds
® organelles ® Mycelial phase - 20
® Dimorphism degrees, fuzzy colony,
® yeast - single nuclei aerial spore
® molds - multi nuclei ® Fungal Phase - 37
® Filament --> hyphae degrees, granular
----> mycelium mucoid, no spore
7. Nutrition & Culture:
® Heterotrophic- ® Carbon Source,
organic compounds glucose & mineral
as C source salts are needed
® production of extra- ® Acidic conditions pH
cellular enzymes 5-6
® Saprobes/saprophytic ® high humidity
- majority ® temperature 20-25
® Parasites - minority degrees
10. Reproduction:(1)
® Asexual ® Sexual- motile gametes
® budding ® specialized sex organs
® fission - yeast ® vegetative hyphae
® Spore - sexual or ® Male antheridium + Female
asexual Ascogonium ---->
® sexual spore - Plasmogamy (union of
sporangium cytoplasm)---> Karyogamy
(fusion of respective
® asexual - fruiting
nuclei)
bodies
12. Important members:(1)
® Saccharomyces ® Taphrina deformans -
cerevisiae- fermentative parasite of vascular plants
properties, brewing, e.g. almond
rising of dough ® Histoplasma capsulatum -
® Penicillin roquefortii - fatal disease -
production of cheese histoplasmosis
® Penicillin chrysogenum- ® Trichophyton - principal
Ab penicillin cause of ringworm /
athletes foot
16. Important members: (2)
® Aspergillus flavus - toxins ® Truffles - underground
(Aflatoxins) liver cancer fruiting bodies of some
in Asians ascomycetes, delicious &
® Claviceps purpura - expensive
parasitizes rye plant, flour ® Morels - above the
& cause abortion in cattle, ground & also edible
® produces ergot - alkaloids
used to induce labor &
prevent hemorrhage
18. Deuteromycotina &
Basidiomycotina
® Deuteromycotina - fungi ® Slime molds -
imperfecti ® Cellular
® Basidiomycotina - ® Net
Mushrooms ® True
® cap, gills , ring, stipe & ® Fungal symbiosis:
mycelium ® predation
® Slime molds - protozoal & ® parasitism
fungal characteristics ® mutualism - lichens
(fungi + algae)
20. Fungal Diseases:(1)
® Superficial-cutaneous ® T. barbae - beard
cornified layer of skin & ® T. cruris - groin
portion of hair ® T. capitis - scalp
® Tinea piedra - B&W
® T. pedis - foot
skin
® T. favosa - scalp
® T. nigra - skin/palm
® Subcutaneous -
® T.versicolor- upper torso
exclusively from soil
® T. corporis - body --> skin -> S.C. tissue
® T. unguium - nails
22. Fungal Diseases: (2)
® Subcutaneous ® Systemic - from the
® Sporotrichosis epithelium -->
® Lobomycosis circulation
® Mycetoma ® Histoplasmosis
® Chronomycosis ® Aspergillosis
® Rhinosporidosis ® Zygomycosis
® Cryptococcosis
® Torulopsosis
24. Fungal Diseases: (3)
® Opportunistic - ® Diagnosis -
® Diabetes frustrating
® Immunodeficiency ® Treatment-
® Ab therapy chemotherapeutic
® Other infections agents -- Nystatin,
Amphotericin,
® Immunity - normal Ketoconazole,
condition - enough Fungizone,
Chloramphenicol
