This document defines and discusses sexual abuse and harassment. It defines sexual abuse as unwanted sexual activity through force, threats, or taking advantage of someone unable to consent. Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome sexual behavior that affects someone's learning or work or creates a hostile environment. The document outlines different types of sexual harassment like quid pro quo and hostile environment harassment. It provides examples of physical, verbal, visual, and sexual favors harassment. It also discusses how to handle harassment and potential penalties for perpetrators.

1. SEXUAL ABUSE :
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
By E. PHIRI
HEALTH AND LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION 2017

2. DEFINITION OF SEXUAL ABUSE
• Sexual abuse - a statutory offense that provides that it is a crime to
knowingly cause another person to engage in an unwanted sexual act by
force or threat; "most states have replaced the common law definition of
rape with statutes defining sexual assault"
• Sexual abuse is any sort of non-consensual sexual contact.
• Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity, with perpetrators using force,
making threats or taking advantage of victims not able to give consent.
• Sexual abuse is a general term for any type of sexual activity inflicted on
a child by someone with whom the child is acquainted. It is considered an
especially heinous crime because the abuser occupies a position of trust

3. ABUSE TAKES VARIOUS FORMS

4. SEXUAL HARASSMENT DEFINITION
•Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advances ,
favours and other verbal or physical conduct of sexual
nature which when conducted will explicitly or implicitly
affect an individual’s learning , employment and /or
unreasonably interferes with an individual ‘s work
performance or creates an intimidating , hostile or
offensive working or learning environment.
•It is an unwelcome behaviour of a sexual nature.

5. DEFINITION CONTINUED
•The key to what constitutes ‘sexual harassment’ is that it
is, unwanted, unwelcome and
unasked-for behaviour of a sexual
nature. Sexual harassment is a display of power
which is intended to intimidate, coerce or degrade
another worker

6. SEXUAL HARASSMENT DEFINITION
• Unwelcome sexual advances , requests for sexual favours , and
other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature when
submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly
a term or condition of individual ‘s employment or submission to
or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as a basis
for employment decision affecting such individual or such
conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering
with individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating
hostile or offensive working environment.

7. HARASSED AND THE HARASSER
•The Harasser
•Is an individual (Staff
member or student )
who perpetrates an
act of sexual
harassment on
another or others.
•Harassed
•Is an individual ,
student or staff
member who is a
victim of sexual
harassment at the
hands of another

8. TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Quid pro quo sexual Harassment
•This when employers or supervisors or other learners
demand sexual favours as a condition of employment or
as a condition for promotion, or asking for sexual
favours for higher marks or guarantee to pass the
course.
•It is based on something for something basis.
•It is a situation when a superior in the work area uses
threats or pressure towards the subordinate and it
becomes clear abuse of power

9. HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT SEXUAL
HARASSMENT
•This type of sexual harassment is based on
the notion that psychological harm or reduced
effectiveness at work from unwanted sexual
attention as well as from result offensive
hostile behaviour

10. GENDER HARASSMENT
•This type of harassment occurs when people are
subjected to offensive or hostile behaviour because
of their gender. This type of harassment is distinct
because it does not necessarily involve sexuality,
rather it involves hostile or disparaging remarks
directed to a person because of their gender.

11. A MODEL OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Hostile Environment Quid Pro Quo
Gender Harassment
Unwanted sexual
attention Sexual coercion

12. EXAMPLE OF SEXUAL ABUSE

13. QUID PRO QUO
•Demand for sex in exchange for hiring
•Demand for sex in exchange for promotion or
favourable job evaluation
•Demand for sex to keep one’s job
•Demand for sex to avoid being placed in an
undesirable job or department
and many other

14. HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT TYPE
• Sexual touching
• Sexual comments and jokes
• Displays of sexual material , such as drawing or photographs
• Non verbal sexual posturing , including sexual gestures
• Personal remarks about sexuality
• Sexually oriented comments about appearance
• Discussion about a person in sexual terms in the person’s
presence, including comments phrased as though the person
were not present.
•

15. GENDER HARASSMENT TYPE
•Degrading comments about the ability of women
and men
•Hostile comments about women or men’s
behaviour as a group , not confined to sexual
comments
•Insults directed towards women or men because of
their gender rather than because of any action or
characteristic of the individual

16. WHAT CONSTITUTES SEXUAL HARASSMENT
• PHYSICAL HARASSMENT
• Suggestive sexual movements and actions
• Leering or ogling with suggested overtones
• Inappropriate touching such as patting or slight rubbing
• Pinching, giving a message around the neck or
• Stocking or brushing against someone’s body
• Kissing or attempting to kiss someone or blowing a kiss to someone
• Assaulting someone / hugging or patting
• Coerced sexual intercourse, attempted rape or rape
• Touching someone buttocks or a slight tapping
• Holding someone by the arm or grapping by the waist or shoulder

17. AN EXAMPLE OF SEXUAL ABUSE

18. VERBAL SEXUAL HARASSMENT
• Suggestive comments about a person’s clothing
• The way their clothes fit them
• Sexual innuendos (Body or sexual activities)
• Provocative comments about a person’s clothes, body shape or weight
• Comments about one’s sexuality or the spouse
• Repeated unsolicited proposition for dates or sexual intercourse
• Graphic sexual descriptions
• Derogatory comments or slurs
• Verbal abuse or threats
• Sexual jokes
• Whistling or suggestive sounds
• Cat sounds
• Sexually suggestive songs

19. AN EXAMPLE OF SEXUAL ABUSE

20. VISUAL HARASSMENT
•Showing or sending cartoons
•Showing or sending derogatory posters or pictures or
videos
•Drawings that are derogatory
•Messages on the phone, paper, etc tat are derogatory
•Magazine that are full of pornography
•Pictures that are pornographic
•Starring, blocking one’s path

21. SEXUAL FAVOURS HARASSMENT
•Persistent or unwanted pressure for dates
•Unwanted sexual advances on condition e.g.
for employment or a pass
•Forced sexual intercourse
•Fondling and grabbing or twitching that is
unwelcome

22. HANDLING SEXUAL HARASSMENT
• There is no single prescribed way of handling sexual
harassment
• Document the incidents as they happen, taking note of what
happened , where, when, how (have evidence against the
perpetrator)
• Report to any body you are comfortable with
• If the case is a serious one go straight to the police for sexual
harassment like a)Rape
b) Assault etc.
• Go for counselling either within or without. (HLS Department,
Contact Family Counselling Service or the Police Friendly Unit

23. AN EXAMPLE OF SEXUAL ABUSE

24. SOME OF THE PENALTIES TO THE
PERPETRATOR
•Can be arrested
•Termination of the course
•Forced resignation
•Demotion
•Expulsion
•Suspension
•Negative evaluation
•Written warning
•Verbal reprimand

25. EFFECTS OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT
• Anger , fear and self-consciousness or embarrassment
• Difficulty sleeping
• Loss of appetite
• Having problems studying or paying attention
• Not performing well in your studies
• Thinking of dropping a subject or leaving school altogether
• No longer attending lesson conducted by the harasser.
• Post traumatic stress disorder (avoids things or people that remind you of
the harassment)
• Blood pressure
• Suicide being committed by the harassed