1. Lead errors Introduction

4. Rudiger analyzed 838 ECGs at the cardiology outpatient clinic and the ICU of the London University College. The frequency of ECG artifacts due to switched electrodes was 0.4% at the outpatient clinic and 4% at the ICU Rudiger A,Hellermann JP, Mukherjee R, Follath F, Turina J. Electrocardiographic artifacts due to electrode misplacement and their frequency in clinical settings. Am J Emer Med (2007) 25(2):174-8

6. ERRORS INVOLVING THE LIMB LEADS Misplacement of the Einthoven limb leads - lead reversal, common (eg. Right arm- left arm reversal) - more complex misplacements (uncommon) Miplacement of the ground cable (eg. Right arm – right leg cable reversal) Detached or broken electrode/cable Ground