System and Law in Poland

1. SYSTEM AND LAW OF
POLAND

2. ABOUT OUR COUNTRY
Poland(officially: Republic of Poland) is a country in Central Europe. Our
anthem is Mazurek Dabrowskiego (Poland Is Not Yet Lost). Capital city of
Poland is Warsaw. The longest river in Poland is Vistula. In Poland live
about 38 milion people. Poland is a beautiful country and we have a lot of
tradition.
Picture 1.1.
Location of Poland (dark green)

3. ABOUT OUR SYSTEM
Poland is parliamentary republic.
TheSystem
Executive
Legislature
Judicature

4. DIVISION OF EXECUTIVE
President of Poland
Prime Minister
Council of Minister

5. DIVISION OF EXECUTIVE
Picture 1.2.
President of Poland – Bronislaw
Komorowski with his wife – Anna.
Picture 1.3.
Prime Minister – Donald Tusk.

6. DIVISION OF LEGISLATURE
Lower House: Sejm
Upper House:
Senate

7. DIVISION OF LEGISLATURE
Picture 1.4.
Polish Lower House Sejm
Picture 1.5.
Polish Upper House Senate

8. DIVISION OF JUDICATURE
District Court
Regional Court
Appeal Court
Supreme Common Court
Common Courts:

9. DIVISION OF JUDICATURE
Court martial:
Court of Garrison
District Court Martial
Court Martial:

10. DIVISION OF JUDICATURE
Administrative Courts:
Regional Administrative Court
Supreme Administrative Court

11. DIVISION OF JUDICATURE
Picture 1.6.
District Court in Konin, Poland.
Picture 1.7.
Supreme Common Court in Warsaw,
Poland.
On every column is Latin and Roman
law’s apophthegm, which is base of
polish lawmaking.

12. CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBUNAL
Constitutional Tribunal(Polish: Trybunał Konstytucyjny) is a judical
body established to resolve disputes on the constitutionality of the
activities of state institutions. Its main mission to supervise the
compilance of statutory law with the Constitution of the Republic of
Poland. At present term of office of Constitutional Tribunal is
profesor Leon Kieres.
Picture 1.8.
Judges of Constitutional
Tribunal in Poland.
Picture 1.9.
Proffesor of Laws Leon
Kieres.

13. TRIBUNAL OF STATE
The State Tribunal(Polish: Trybunał Stanu) of the Republic of Poland is
the judicial body, which rules on the constitutional liability of people
holding the highest offices of state. It examines cases concerning the
infringement of the Constitution and laws or crimes committed by the
President, members of the government, the President of the Supreme
Chamber of Control, the President of the National Bank of Poland,
heads of central administrative offices and other senior state officials.
In Poland, referral to the State Tribunal is used instead of the process
of impeachment, which is traditionally used in some other nations as a
way of addressing similar allegations against persons holding
analogous offices.

14. TRIBUNAL OF STATE
Picture 1.10-11.
Tribunal of State in bulding of Supreme
Common Court, Warsaw, Poland.

15. POLISH CONSTITUTION
The current Constitution of Poland was adopted on 2 April 1997.
Formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (Polish:
Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), it replaced the temporary
amendments put into place in 1992 designed to reverse the effects of
Communism, establishing the nation as "a democratic state ruled by
law and implementing the principles of social justice". It was adopted
by the National Assembly of Poland on 2 April 1997, approved by a
national referendum on 25 May 1997, and came into effect on 17
October 1997.
Poland has had numerous previous constitutional acts during its
history. Historically, the most significant is probably the May
Constitution adopted on 3 May 1791. It has got 13 chapters and 243
articles.

16. PREAMBLE
Having regard for the existence and future of our Homeland,
Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sovereign and
democratic determination of its fate,
We, the Polish Nation - all citizens of the Republic,
Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good
and beauty,
As well as those not sharing such faith but respecting those universal
values as arising from other sources,
Equal in rights and obligations towards the common good - Poland,
Beholden to our ancestors for their labors, their struggle for
independence achieved at great sacrifice, for our culture rooted in the
Christian heritage of the Nation and in universal human values,
Recalling the best traditions of the First and the Second Republic,
„

17. PREAMBLE
Obliged to bequeath to future generations all that is valuable from
our over one thousand years' heritage,
Bound in community with our compatriots dispersed throughout the
world,
Aware of the need for cooperation with all countries for the good of
the Human Family,
Mindful of the bitter experiences of the times when fundamental
freedoms and human rights were violated in our Homeland,
Desiring to guarantee the rights of the citizens for all time, and to
ensure diligence and efficiency in the work of public bodies,
Recognizing our responsibility before God or our own consciences,
Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the
basic law for the State, based on respect for freedom and justice,
cooperation between the public powers, social dialogue as well as on
the principle of subsidiarity in the strengthening the powers of
citizens and their communities.
We call upon all those who will apply this Constitution for the good of
„

18. HUMAN RIGHTS IN POLAND
Human rights in Poland are guaranteed by the second chapter of the
Constitution of Poland.
Elements of what is called now human rights may be found in early
times of the Polish state. Both Statute of Kalisz - the General Charter
of Jewish Liberties (issued in 1264) introduced numerous right for the
Jews in Poland, leading to an autonomous "nation within a nation",
and Warsaw Confederation (1573) confirmed the religious freedom of
all residents of Poland, which was extremely important for the
stability of the multi-ethnic Polish society of the time.

19. HUMAN RIGHTS

20. Human
Rights
Assembly
Education
Religion
Speech
AssociationMovement
Information
Thought
Press

21. HUMAN RIGHTS IN POLAND
Poland is a party to all important international agreements relevant to
human rights, including the Convention for the Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, the Helsinki Accords, the International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the
Child.
Death Penalty is abolished for all crimes and Poland has ratified the
International Criminal Court agreement. Corporal punishment is
entirely prohibited since 2010.
In general knowledge human rights have vastly improved after the fall
of communism in 1989 and replacement of the old repressive regime
with the modern, democratic government guaranteeing first class civil
and political rights, according to the Freedom House.

22. HUMAN RIGHTS IN POLAND
The state of women's rights in Poland is moderately good. Feminism
in Poland started in 1800s. However, prior to the Partition in 1795,
tax-paying females were allowed to take part in political life, and
since 1918, all women can vote, Poland being 15th country to
introduce universal women's suffrage. Nevertheless, there is a
number of issues concerning women such as the abortion rights
(allowed only in few circumstances) and the "glass ceiling"
Poland country signed the LGBT rights Declaration, but some rights of
heterosexual citizens, such as marriage equality are unavailable to its
LGBT citizens. Poland is not on the list of countries with state-
sponsored homophobia. Homosexuality in Poland was never
criminalised under Polish jurisdiction, and it was confirmed legal in
1932. Poland also recognises gender change and requires no
sterilisation of trans citizens. A transgender Pole Anna Grodzka has

23. THE END
MADE BY: Maciej Kujawa
Koło, 10.04.2014 r.