Discussion 1 In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that "Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society" (2012). Answer one of the following questions: THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE. THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE, AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES TO THE FEEBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7. Some of these theories are: Biological Theories, Psychological Theories, Integrated Theories, Social Learning Theories, Social Control Theories, Routine Activity Theories, Crime Pattern Theories, Anomie Theories, Strain Theories, Institutional Anomie Theories, Contextual anomie and strain theories, Cultural deviance or subcultural theories. Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories, and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’ and/or your instructor. Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final Project? DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM STUDENT ONE JAYMES W. Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories in social science today. Many sociologists and political scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can provide the basis for a unified and comprehensive theory of social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory from other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental action, however much of it may appear to be irrational or non-rational. General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging in crime or deviant by impacting their rational decision making process. Specific deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic behavior can be cut down dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors. Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. The concern here is that motives and rationales that lie behind the original behavior can, perhaps, never be delineated, but through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic beh.

1. Discussion 1
In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that
"Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related
theories that help understand why criminal justice – including
crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts,
and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society"
(2012). Answer one of the following questions:
THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE.
THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE
FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH
MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO
FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE
FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE,
AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES
TO THE FEEBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE
PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7.
Some of these theories are: Biological Theories, Psychological
Theories, Integrated Theories, Social Learning Theories, Social
Control Theories, Routine Activity Theories, Crime Pattern
Theories, Anomie Theories, Strain Theories, Institutional
Anomie Theories, Contextual anomie and strain theories,
Cultural deviance or subcultural theories.
Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories,
and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’
and/or your instructor.
Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the
crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final
Project?

2. DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM STUDENT ONE JAYMES W.
Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories
in social science today. Many sociologists and political
scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can
provide the basis for a unified and comprehensive theory of
social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory from
other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds
of action other than the purely rational and calculative. All
social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as
instrumental action, however much of it may appear to be
irrational or non-rational.
General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors,
preventing individuals from engaging in crime or deviant by
impacting their rational decision making process. Specific
deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to
prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they
have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a
negative sanction, problematic behavior can be cut down
dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal
punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors.
Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on punishing known
deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the
specific norms they have broken. The concern here is that
motives and rationales that lie behind the original behavior can,
perhaps, never be delineated, but through the rational use of
punishment as a negative sanction, problematic behavior can be
extinguished. Examples: shock sentencing, corporal punishment,
mandatory arrests for certain behaviors, domestic violence, etc.
Crime prevention or at least crime reduction may be achieved

3. through policies that convince criminals to refrain from
criminal activities, delay their actions, or avoid a particular
situation. People will engage in criminal and deviant activities
if they do not fear apprehension and punishment. Norms, laws,
and enforcement are to be designed and implemented to produce
and maintain the image that "negative" and disruptive behaviors
will receive attention and punishment.
References:
(1) Bennett, T. (1986).Situational Crime Prevention from the
Offenders Perspective. In Heal, K. and G. Laylock (eds.),
Situational Crime Prevention: From Theory into Practice.
London, England: Her Majesty s Stationary Office.
(2) Cornish, D. & Clarke, R. (1987). Understanding Crime
Displacement: An Application of Rational Choice Theory,
Criminology, 25, 933 947.
DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM SECOND STUDENT ALICIA
R.
The relationships between these innovations require
examination to plan for the future. Among the goals of the
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services is “to help
develop an infra- structure to support and sustain community
policing after Federal funding has ended.” It is hoped that this
report, and its accompanying guidelines, will make a
contribution to achieving that goal. Infrastructures require a
context, so that decisions can be made that are consistent with
strengthening opportunities and minimizing threats in this
instance, with respect to the overarching goal of delivering
safety in a democracy. Community policing, community justice,
and restorative justice all touch upon this mission in varying
degrees, depending on their implementation. Experiments with
community policing since the 1970s are widely regarded as

4. having con- tribute to a welcome maturation of law enforcement
organizations. After years of organizational distance from their
communities, the police are taking stock of their position in
society and in relation to citizens. Strong police-public
relationships make for mutual respect, confidence, and
improved information flow. Community policing also has
significant potential for handling the challenges presented by
the changing nature of crime. Crime can no longer be thought of
only in terms of isolated incidents of victimization. Crime has
come to represent a series of phenomena, including school
violence and youth delinquency, the growth of the teen “super-
predator,”2 white-collar crime, gang and group violence, drug
turf wars, stalking, gun trafficking, domestic and child abuse,
road rage, hate crimes—all wreaking havoc across U.S. society.
Crime has also become a catchall word covering a broader range
of problems that are seen to threaten the social order, including
the homeless, the mentally ill, quality-of-life infringements,
teenage mothers, and urban poverty.
Local communities are increasingly recognized as the primary
source and recipient of these breakdowns in law and order.
Crime is intercommunity and requires local solutions; these
facts make a case for attentive policing that is sensitive to the
dynamics within different neighborhoods and groups and is
geared to community safety. In many areas, communities are
now viewed as partners in tackling crime as well as customers
of police services. Police leaders are acknowledging that the
police can no longer be the Omni competent force for dealing
with crime, fear, disorder, and public safety. The police are
seen as needing to work with communities, sharing
responsibility and being creative in applying joint resources to
recurring problems and to advancing community well-being.
Finding the appropriate framework for this collaboration is
proving difficult in the face of traditional public dependence on
the police, on the one hand, and rapidly changing social
conditions (including crime), on the other. Controlling crime
and maintaining order are widely seen by the police and public

5. alike—as police functions. The police are recognized as being
organized and equipped to fulfill these functions. Communities
seem to be chaotic, to have deeply entrenched problems, and to
require professional help to mobilize and organize resources.
Communities may be seen as having the capacity for self-
strengthening and self-building, if given strong service
institutions, including the police. A tension exists between the
calls for more police and the recognition that communities need
to be regenerated.
References:
Nicholl, C. G. (1999). COPS Publication. Retrieved April 02,
2014, from Community Policing, Community Justice and
Restorative Justice: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov
Identify a crime or criminal issue that you believe has a law
enforcement solution. Considering the Problem Analysis Chart
(Step 8) in Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small
Steps (assigned reading for Week Two) and the Twenty Five
Techniques of Situational Prevention chart, propose a potential
solution to the crime or criminal issue you identified. Explain
how the technique will effectively reduce the possibility of the
crime occurring. If the technique is effective, what is the
expected result on social and criminal justice? You may use this
research in your Final Project.
THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE.
THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE
FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH
MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO
FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE
FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE,
AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES
TO THE FEEDBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE
PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE.

6. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
After reviewing the initial post of your classmates, select
another potential solution from the "Twenty Five Techniques of
Situational Prevention,” and discuss a complementary program
that addresses the same issue identified in their posts which
would give a complimentary and more comprehensive program.
http://www.popcenter.org/25techniques/
THE LINK ABOVE IS THE “TWENTY FIVE TECHNIQUES
OF SITUATIONAL PREVENTION” CHART.
FIRST RESPONSE DISCUSSION FROM MICHELLE G.
The crime that I chose to talk about is drugs and alcohol. A
solution to controlling the drugs and alcohol behavioral affects
would to limit the amount of alcohol a person can bring to a
public area such as a hotel or park. By limiting the amount of
alcohol a person can bring into an area it reducing the risk of
that person becoming over intoxicated. That would cause less
crime, because people tend to behave differently and say things
they normally would not say if they did not have alcohol
affecting their judgment. This could help stop many fights and
crimes by preventing over intoxication. As for the drugs if
people are in a public place it should be a law that they could be
searched at random by law enforcement since they are on public
property forfeiting their right since they are on public city
grounds. This could help put away drug dealers and help stop
drugs being distributed to children and teens since it seems as
though they are getting these drugs from drug dealers in public
places. This would make the parks and playgrounds a safer
environment for the children as well. It could help clean up the
towns and cities drug problems more than what we may think.
This would also stop crime from the thought of the children and
teens who take the drugs and then their ability to think and
make decisions is impaired by them not even considering
committing a crime since they do not have drugs in their system
to impair what is right and what is wrong.
SECOND RESPONSE DISCUSSION FROM TONYA W.

7. As part of law enforcement solutions truancy became a crime.
People tend to take this crime as not a serious crime, but in
theory it is. Usually younger children in elementary school tend
to not have this problem, and if they do, it is a rare case.
Usually this crime is targeted at high school student who
repeatedly miss school. Teenagers at this time usually like to
rebel and are troubled and they need a hand of guidance in order
to help them. It is very important for teenagers to stay in
school and obtain their education and graduate. Without this,
there future is very limited to what they can accomplish. When
looking at this problem with the problem analysis triangle it
becomes clear as to some of the factors that help contribute to
the problem of truancy. Some gangs like to recruit from high
school aged teens to get them to start committing crimes
because they get lighter sentences than if the higher ups do the
crimes themselves. Most of the troubled teens tend to have
trouble at home and some often feel as though they don’t need
to attend school because it is boring and they don’t understand
some of the classes. Schools need to make sure they are being
strict enough and keep track of the offenders. Most of the time
parents are contacting when the students start missing school to
alert them to the problem.
When the parents are notified and if it is immediately, that
parent then has the time to go ahead and find out why the child
is missing and help to correct the problem. If it continues to get
worse then they will have to get law enforcement involved.
When a certain number of absences are reached then obviously
the student needs stricter rules and a written notification needs
to go to the parents as well. The parents need to be kept
informed at all steps of the process in order to help fix the
issue. There needs to be some sort of rule for keeping gang
members and related activity away from a school zone as well
and make it a crime to try and recruit from school zones. Most
of the crimes that happen by a child are because that child is
unsupervised.

8. References:
Center for Problem-Oriented Policing (2013) 25 Techniques:
Center for Problem- Oriented Policing Retrieved from
http://www.popcenter.org/25techniques/
Clarke, R. V., & Eck, J. E. (2011). Crime analysis for problem
solvers in 60 small steps.
Retrieved from
http://www.popcenter.org/learning/60steps/index.cfm?page=Wel
come