2. What is Cerebral Palsy?
Group of disorders affecting body
movement and muscular disorders.
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Cerebral Palsy
3. INTRODUCTION
Cerebral palsy(CP) is a disorder of muscle
movement & coordination, caused by an
injury to child’s brain that occurs before
birth or during infancy
It affects the part of the brain that controls
body movement.
People with cerebral palsy can have other
problems such as seizures, decreased
ability to learn, problems in hearing, vision
& thought processing.
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Cerebral Palsy
4. What are the symptoms of CP?
CP interferes with messages b/n
brain and body
Effects vary with individual
Mildest: slight awkwardness
Severest: Virtually no muscle
control
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Cerebral Palsy
5. Brain Damage
Depending on which areas of the
brain have been damaged, one or
more of the following may occur:
1. Muscle tightness or spasms
2. Involuntary movement
3. Difficulty with "gross motor skills" such
as walking or running
4. Difficulty with "fine motor skills" such as
writing or doing up buttons
5. Difficulty in perception and sensation
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Cerebral Palsy
6. Associated Problems
The above effects may cause
associated problems such as:
1. Feeding
2. Poor bladder control
3. Breathing problems
4. Pressure sores
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Cerebral Palsy
7. Associated Problems cont.
The brain damage may lead to:
1. Seizures
2. Learning Disabilities
3. Developmental Delays
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Cerebral Palsy
8. Important to Remember that…
Affected limbs are not paralyzed
and can feel pain, heat, cold and
pressure
Physical disability is no indication of
intellectual disability.
C.P. is not a degenerative condition,
damage to the brain is a one time
occurrence so it will not get worse.
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Cerebral Palsy
9. Important to remember that…
People with C.P. have a normal life
span.
Is not progressive, the effects of CP
may change over time:
Some may improve
Some may get worse
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Cerebral Palsy
10. Medically it is important to remember…
1. Is not contagious
2. Is not hereditary
3. Is not life threatening
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Cerebral Palsy
11. Types of C.P.
Topographical classification
Classified by the number of limbs
involved:
1. Quadriplegia
2. Diplegia
3. Hemiplegia
4. Triplegia
5. Monoplegia
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Cerebral Palsy
12. Classification by Movement Disorders
Spastic: Muscles are tight and stiff
Athetoid: Involuntary movements,
constantly in motion
Ataxic: Least common form.
Disturbed sense of balance.
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Cerebral Palsy
13. SPASTIC CP:
Most common type, occurs 70-80% of all
cases.
Reflexes are exaggerated & muscle
movement is stiff.
In this type, muscles are very tight &
may get worse with time.
Spastic Hemiplegia
Spastic Diplegia
Spastic Quadriplegia
Abnormal gait. 13
Cerebral Palsy
14. Spastic Hemiplegia
One side is affected
Injury to left side of brain affects
right side of body and vice versa.
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Cerebral Palsy
15. Spastic Diplegia
Lower extremities are affected
Most people with Spastic Diplegia
eventually walk.
Toe walking and flexed knees are
common.
Hip dislocations and crossed eyes
are common
Often nearsighted
Intelligence is unaffected
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Cerebral Palsy
16. Spastic Quadriplegia
Whole body affected
Often have hemiparetic tremors
(shaking that affects the limbs on
one side of the body)
Often have fluid buildup
Tubes are usually inserted into body
to drain excess fluids
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Cerebral Palsy
17. DYSKINETIC CP:
Divided into 2 categories-
1) ATHETOID CP:
Involuntary, slow, writhing
movements.
2) DYSTONIC CP:
Trunk movements are more
affected than limb muscles,
resulting in a twisted posture.
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18. Athetoid
Mixed muscle tone
Trouble holding themselves in an
upright position.
Takes a lot of concentration to get
hand to certain spot eg. Touching
nose
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Cerebral Palsy
19. ATAXIC CP:
Least common type of C.P.
Some individuals have tremors.
Motor skills are affected
Common to have visual and/or
auditory problems.
Voluntary muscle movements are
not well coordinated.
Tremors or an unsteady gait are
also common.
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Cerebral Palsy
20. HYPOTONIC CP:
Muscle tone is decreased or floppy.
MIXED:
Combination of the symptoms listed
above.
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21. Living with Cerebral Palsy
Coping with Disabilities and
Handicaps
Is not life threatening
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Cerebral Palsy
22. Treatment of C.P.
No cure
The earlier the treatment the better
Treatments may include one or
more of the following:
Physical therapy, occupational therapy,
speech therapy, drugs to control
seizures, alleviate pain, or relax muscle
spasms, braces on feet, standing frame
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Cerebral Palsy
23. Physical Therapy Treatment
Designed to encourage the patient
to build strength.
Life long physical therapy is
necessary to build muscle tone
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Cerebral Palsy
24. Occupational Therapy
Helps adults maximize their function
in an attempt to live as
independently as possible
Orthotic are often prescribed
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Cerebral Palsy
25. Speech Therapy
Helps to control the muscles of the
mouth and the jaw
This affects not only speech but also
breathing, biting, chew and swallowing.
Starts before child begins school
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Cerebral Palsy
