Epidemiology of DM

1. Diabetes Mellitus
–
.
Epidemiology
Dr. Prakashchandra Gade
Professor & Head
Department of Pharmacology
DVVVPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar

2. • The history of diabetes in India dates back to
2500 BC where old Indian texts referred to it
as ‘Madhumeha.’

3. What is diabetes?
 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases
characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting
from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or
both.
 The term DM describes a metabolic disorder of multiple
aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with
disturbances of carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism.
 The effects of DM include long–term damage,
dysfunction & failure of various organs.

4. Diabetes
 DM may present with characteristic symptoms such as
Thirst, Polyuria, Blurring Of Vision, and Weight Loss.
 In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–ketotic
hyperosmolar state may develop & lead to stupor, coma
& in absence of effective treatment, death.
 Often symptoms are not severe or may be absent &
consequently hyperglycaemia sufficient to cause
pathological and functional changes may be present for
a long time before the diagnosis is made.

5. DM Long-term Effects
1. Retinopathy with potential blindness
2. Nephropathy that may lead to renal failure
and/or
3. Neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputation,
Charcot joints, and
4. Features of autonomic dysfunction, including
sexual dysfunction.
People with DM are at increased risk of
cardiovascular, peripheral vascular &
cerebrovascular disease.

6. Burden of DM
 The development of DM is projected to reach pandemic
proportions over the next 10-20 yrs.
 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data indicate that
by the year 2025, the no. of people affected will reach
333 million – 90% of these people will have Type 2 DM.
 In most Western societies, the overall prevalence has
reached 4-6%, & is as high as 10-12% among 60-70 yr-old
people.
 The annual health costs caused by DM & its
complications account for around 6-12% of all health-care
expenditure.

7. Estimate
Projections
Estimates & projections of the global
prevalence of DM in the 20–79 year age group
(Millions)
Ref- IDF

8. Ref- IDF

17. India summary table for year 2019
No. of adults 20–79 yrs with DM 7.7 Crore
Diabetes national prevalence (%) in age 20–79 yrs 8.9 %
No. of adults 20–79 yrs with undiagnosed DM 4.38 Crore
Mean diabetes-related expenditure (USD)
per person with DM (20–79 yrs)
91.6 USD =
Rs. 6810
Diabetes-related deaths in age 20–79 yrs in 2019 10.1 Lac

19. • Globally, an estimated 346 million people have DM.
• Three out of four people with DM live in low- &
middle-income countries.
• In the South-East Asia (SEA) Region, nearly 71 million
were estimated to be living with DM in 2010 and an
equal number had impaired glucose tolerance.

20. • Nearly 3.4 million people globally & 1 million in SEA
Region die from consequences of high BSL every
year.
• DM exacerbates major infectious diseases such as
tuberculosis (TB), malaria & HIV/AIDS.
• People with DM are three times more likely to
develop TB when infected and approx. 15% of TB
globally is thought to be due to DM.
• The WHO estimates that DM will be the 7th primary
cause of fatality by 2030.

21. • South Asians have a high propensity to develop DM
at lower weight levels and younger ages than white
Europeans.
• India is rapidly urbanising country, contributing to its
status as an epicentre of the global diabetes
epidemic.
• India leads the world with largest number of DM
subjects earning the dubious distinction of being
termed the “diabetes capital of the world”.
• Type 2 diabetes is the predominant form of DM &
accounts for at least 90% of all cases of DM.

22. Reference for all the data / values –
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes
Atlas Ninth edition 2019
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