3. Epidemiology
• An ancient disease, called as white plague
• India is the TB capital – every fourth TB patient is an
Indian
• Most prevalent in congested urban slum
• Malnutrition & Poverty is directly related to the disease
burden
• One third of Global population is already infected with
TB(latent TB)
• Affect any sex/age- Male preponderance is due to more
outdoor activity/exposure & improved reporting
4. Famous Person
Died/suffered from TB
• Sukanta Bhattacharya
• Keats
• Votaire
• Napoleon II
• Md Ali Jinnah
• Ho Chi Min
• Nelson Mandela
• Smt Kamala Nehru
• Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
5. Burden of TB
In India everyday
• Nearly 8000 people develop TB diseases
• More than 1300 people die of TB (i.e.1 deaths in
every 1 min 10 sec )
India accounts for one fourth of the global TB burden.
More than 40% of the population is infected.
Highest burden of TB
and MDR-TB. And 2nd
highest of HIV associated
TB Globally (2015).
7. Generation of
Droplet Nuclei
• One cough produces
500 droplets
• The average TB patient
generates 75,000
droplets per day
before therapy
• This falls to 25
infectious droplets per
day within two weeks
of effective therapy
13. Case Definition &
Screening Criteria
Testing:
• Any person with cough >2 weeks, fever >2 weeks, significant weight loss,
haemoptysis etc. and any abnormality in chest radiograph.
• Children with persistent fever and/or cough >2 weeks, loss of weight or
no weight gain, history of contact with infectious TB cases
Screening:
•People living with HIV (PLHIV), malnourished, diabetics, cancer patients, patients on
immunosuppressant or maintenance steroid therapy, should be regularly screened
•Enhanced case finding should be undertaken in high risk populations such as health
care workers, prisoners, slum dwellers, occupational groups, miners etc.
15. WHO approved diagnostic tests: PTB
Microbiological confirmation
Sputum smear microscopy for AFB (ZN Staining)
Fluorescence Microscopy (AO Staining)
GeneXpert (CBNAAT)
LPA(Line probe assay)
Liquid Culture/Solid Culture
+
Chest X-ray
Additional tests for Pediatric:
TST(Mantoux)
Procedures in case sputum is not expectorated:
Induced sputum by steam/nebulization
Broncheo-alveolar lavage
Gastric lavage
Serological test (IgG, IgM,
ELISA etc) are Banned !!!
Mountoux Test / IGRA / TB
Gold etc also not
recommended as routine
diagnostic.
[cant differentiate between
Active TB, LTBI or already
cured]
Empirical ATD use is not
recommended
16. New Case -
Intensive Phase
2 H R Z E
Number of
months of
treatment
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Isoniazid Rifampicin
17. New Case :
Continuation Phase
4 H R E
Number of
months of
treatment
Ethambutol
Isoniazid Rifampicin
18. Re- Treatment Case -
Intensive Phase
2 H R Z E S
Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
Streptomycin
Isoniazid Rifampicin
Number of
months of
treatment
+ 1
HRZE
19. Re- Treatment Case -
Continuation Phase
5 H R E
Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Number of
months of
treatment
21. Antibiotics to Avoid if TB Status is Unknown
Fluoroquinolone
s
Macrolides Rifamycins Aminoglycosid
es
Ciprofloxacin Azithromycin Rifampicin Streptomycin
Ofloxacin Clarithromycin Rifabutin Amikacin
Levofloxacin Erythromycin Kanamycin
Moxifloxacin Roxithromycin
23. Chapter7 code no.7.14 :- The registered
medical practitioner shall not disclose the
secrets of a patient that have been learnt in
the exercise of his / her profession except –
1. in a court of law under orders of the
Presiding Judge;
2. in circumstances where there is a serious
and identified risk to a specific person and /
or community; and
3. notifiable diseases.
In case of communicable / notifiable
diseases, concerned public health
authorities should be informed
immediately.
Code of Medical Ethics
MCI Regulations_2002
[http://www.mciindia.org/RulesandRegulations/CodeofMedicalEthicsRegu
lations2002.aspx]
TB is a notifiable disease since 7th May 2012