Antibiotics FACTS EVERYBODY SHOULD KNOW

1. FACTS
EVERYBODY SHOULD KNOW
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 1

2. Anthony Fauci Director of
NIH’s NIAID- Said
• Antibiotics are a very serious public health
problem for us, and it's getting worse.
Resistant microbes outstrip new antibiotics.
It's an ongoing problem. It's not like we can
fix it, and it's over. We have to fight
continued resistance with a continual
pipeline of new antibiotics and continue
with the perpetual challenge.
7/8/2017
Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics
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3. 21st Centuries Public
health Problem
•Antibiotic
resistance is
one of the
world’s most
pressing public
health
problems.
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4. Nobel Prize speech The
Antibiotics are not
eternal solutions to treat
Infections
• From the very first
discovery of antibiotics,
scientists have known
that resistance is a
danger. Alexander
Fleming himself, credited
with the discovery of
penicillin, warned us as
early as 1945 that
antibiotics could lose
their effectiveness.
7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 4

5. Antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
are on the rise.
• Clearly, antibiotic resistance
is not a new phenomenon.
Nonetheless, the frequency
of these “antibiotic
resistance events” is
increasing. For example, from
1980 to 1987, cases of
penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(the bacteria that causes
pneumonia) remained steady
at about 5 percent of all
strains.
7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 5

6. How the Bacteria are
gaining Resistance
• By 1997, 44 percent of
strains were showing
resistance. Similarly,
Enterococci bacteria can
cause urinary tract
infections and meningitis
(among other diseases),
and in 1989, fewer than 0.5
percent of strains found in
hospitals were resistant to
antibiotics
7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 6

7. The more antibiotics are
used, the more quickly
bacteria develop
resistance,” says the CDC.
• Four years later,
though, that
number was at 7.9
percent, and by
1998, some
hospitals reported
levels as high as 30
to 50 percent.
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8. Antibiotics kills
many Useful
Microbial flora
•Every time a
person takes
antibiotics,
sensitive bacteria
are killed, but
resistant ones may
be left to grow and
multiply.
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9. Over use creates Multi
Drug Resistant and
Superbugs
• Overuse of antibiotics is a major
modifiable cause of increases in drug-
resistant bacteria.
• Overuse and misuse of antibiotics
threatens the usefulness of these
important drugs. Decreasing
inappropriate antibiotic use is a key
strategy to control antibiotic resistance.
7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 9

10. Children and Aged faces
the great threat
•Antibiotic resistance in
children and older
adults are of particular
concern because these
age groups have the
highest rates of
antibiotic use.
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11. Infections are
difficult to cure
• Antibiotic resistance can
cause significant
suffering for people who
have common infections
that once were easily
treatable with
antibiotics
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12. Infection and Antibiotic
usage too increase
Morbidity and Mortality
• When antibiotics do not
work, infections often
last longer, cause more
severe illness, require
more doctor visits or
longer hospital stays,
and involve more
expensive and toxic
medications. Some
resistant infections can
even cause death.
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13. Antibiotic
Prescribing:
Attitudes,
Behaviors, Trends
and Cost
7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 13

14. Great Misuse of
Antibiotics Cause
…….
• At least 30% of antibiotic courses
prescribed in the outpatient setting
are unnecessary, meaning that no
antibiotic is needed at all. Most of
this unnecessary use is for acute
respiratory conditions, such as
colds, bronchitis, sore throats
caused by viruses, and even some
sinus and ear infections .
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15. Inappropriate
antibiotic use Can
be threat to Life
• Total inappropriate
antibiotic use (which
includes unnecessary
antibiotic use plus
inappropriate antibiotic
selection, dosing, and
duration) may approach
50% of all outpatient
antibiotic use
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16. Unnecessary Use of Antibiotics in Children
•The number of
antibiotic prescriptions
written for children has
decreased in recent
years , but almost
30% of antibiotics
prescribed to children
are still unnecessary
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18. Antibiotics may interfere
with immune system
development
•Children who are given
broad-spectrum
antibiotics before two
years of age are three
times more likely to
develop asthma than
children who are not
given such antibiotics
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19. Antibiotics can cause
adverse events and need
for hospital Visits.
• Antibiotics cause 1 out of 5
emergency department
visits for adverse drug
events (ADEs) . Antibiotics
are the most frequent
cause of ADEs leading to
emergency department
visits in children, and 7 of
the top 10 drugs involved
in ADEs leading to
emergency room visits are
antibiotics
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20. No new classes of
antibiotics have been
discovered in recent
years
• The discovery of new
antibiotics has slowed
down significantly (even
dramatically). Developing
new antibiotics has become
too expensive and
unattractive for
pharmaceutical companies.
At the same time, the
government has reduced
investment in infectious
diseases because they have
largely been viewed as
treatable diseases7/8/2017 Dr.T.V.Rao MD @ Antibiotics 20

21. Improving the Diagnostic Microbiology is the Need
of the Hour
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22. References
• Facts about Antibiotic Resistance CDC
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23. •Program Created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for benefit of
Public awareness on Use , Misuse and
Consequence of Antibiotic use
• Email
•doctortvrao@gmail.com
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