Numerous studies have made it possible to identify CVD risk factors. They can be divided into two groups: factors that cannot be changed, and factors that can be influenced.

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Atherosclerosis is a gradually developing pathological
process in which cholesterol overlap occurs in the intima of
arterial vessels. The formed plaques cause densification of
the walls of the affected arteries and lead to a narrowing of
their lumen, which adversely affects the blood flow and
causes ischemia of the tissues they feed.
When the coronary arteries of the heart are affected, the
myocardium suffers, which is clinically manifested by
heart attacks (myocardial infarction), angina (chest pain),
cardiac rhythm disturbance, heart failure and even, worst of
all, can lead to a fatal outcome- sudden of death.
Sometimes the surface of the atherosclerotic plaque
ruptures and a blood clot forms on it, which becomes an
additional barrier in the path of blood flow, which
clinically manifests itself by one of the variants of coronary
heart disease. If we talk about angina pectoris or rest, the
situation here is much better than with myocardial
infarction.
Since in the case of the latter irreversible changes occur,
and the heart muscle dies. Although a heart attack can
happen at any time of the day, most often it develops in the
interval between four and ten o'clock in the morning. This
is explained by an increase in the level of adrenaline in the
peripheral blood, which sometimes causes a rupture of
cholesterol plaques.
You can avoid all this. For this, one must seriously
approach the issue of primary prevention of
atherosclerosis, especially for people with a family history.
But, unfortunately, often people, normally feeling
themselves, do not at all know about the danger and,
accordingly, do not take any measures. When the problem
has already taken place, one has to resort not only to
medical therapy but also to call cardiac surgeons for the
purpose of conducting an operative intervention.
One of the effective ways to restore the blood supply to the
myocardium is the aorta-coronary bypass, which involves
the creation of detours for blood flow. This is a very simple
procedure associated with a certain degree of risk and
consists of hemorrhaging an autograft parallel to the
narrowed segment of the coronary artery - a segment of a
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healthy vessel (artery or vein), excised from another part of
the patient's blood channel. This intervention is performed
on the open heart and requires a long period of
rehabilitation.
Another option for invasive treatment is endovascular
surgery: balloon dilatation, stenting, and excimer laser
angioplasty. They are carried by patients much easier
because they are not associated with extensive
traumatization of tissues and large incisions - access to the
site of narrowing of the coronary artery is carried out under
radiographic control through a vessel on the thigh, shoulder
or forearm.
After any of the named variants of invasive treatment for
patients with coronary atherosclerosis, it is necessary to
follow the recommended diet and take prescribed
medications, because atherosclerosis, unfortunately, even
after the most effective operation does not disappear
anywhere.
Inflated phrase