Talk about the structure of DNA, DNA replication, mRNA transcription, and protein translation.

2. Cytology Genetics
Cytogenetic
s

3. • Nucleic Acid ~ Polynucleotides
• Nucleotides – Phosphate esters of nucleosides
(monomers)
• Three components:
– A base that has a nitrogen atom
– A five carbon sugar
– An ion of phosphoric acid

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_-6JXLYS-k

10. • Helicase: unwinds the double helix
• DNA polymerase III: synthesizes new strand by base
pairing in 5’3’ direction using ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP
• Primase: creates short RNA primer for DNA
polymerase III to continue the synthesis
• Single-strand binding proteins: restricts rewinding of
DNA
• DNA polymerase I: removes RNA primer and
synthesizes DNA
• Ligase: Joins by phosphodiester bond
• Topoisomerase: helps in avoiding overwinding of DNA

11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSebRSfo23Y

12. • Promoter: Recognition sequences on DNA close to
start of gene. AT rich
• RNA polymerase: synthesizes pre-mRNA from
DNA template strand in 5’3’. Adds A, U, C, G
• 5’ cap: 7-methylguanosine
at 5’ end of pre-mRNA
• Poly A tail: 100-200 adenine (A) nucleotides at 3’
end of pre-mRNA

15. • Ribosome: protein
synthesizers
• tRNA(transferRNA)
: adaptor molecule
made of RNA
• Aminoacid:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

18. It’s all in your DNA….....