Group 4 explores Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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This document discusses idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), now called immune thrombocytopenic purpura. ITP is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly destroys platelets. There are two types: acute ITP typically affects young children and often resolves on its own, while chronic ITP affects older females and symptoms include excessive bleeding. Diagnosis involves low platelet counts and no single confirmatory test. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids, splenectomy to remove the spleen which produces antibodies, or IV immunoglobulin for emergency cases.
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Group 4 explores Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- 1. Idiopathic (Immune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura Prepared by: Group 4 MLS IV- C “Everybody bleeds sometimes, I just bleed more..........”
- 2. Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) ITP was used previously to describe cases of thrombocytopenia arising without apparent cause or underlying disease state. Later, the word idiopathic has been replaced by immune because of the realization that acute and chronic ITP are immunologically mediated.
- 3. Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Two Types of ITP Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- 4. Acute Idiopathic/ Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Etiology Occurs after viral illness and may follow live viral vaccination Produces antibody and immune complexes against viral antigens and that platelet destruction may result from binding of these antibodies or immune complexes to the platelet surface
- 5. Chronic Idiopathic/ Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Etiology Occurs after viral infection, use of certain drugs or as part of an immune disorder Plasma transfusion Offending antibodies attach to platelets, and as a result, the antibody- labelled platelets are removed from the circulation by RE cells, primarily in the spleen.
- 6. Acute Idiopathic/ Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Signs and Symptoms Children ages 2-5 years old Mucosal Scattered petechiae Intracranial Bleeding signs and symptoms hemorrhage bleeding GI bleeding Mucosal bleeding Retinal Hematuria GI Bleeding hemorrhage Intracranial hemorrhage hematuria Thrombocytopenia Purpura
- 7. Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Signs and Symptoms Purpura Females outnumbers males Mucosal Age target: 20- 50 years old Intracranial Bleeding signs and symptoms hemorrhage bleeding GI bleeding Retinal Mucocutaneous bleeding Acute Hematuria hemorrhage Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Recurrent epistaxis hematuria Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Purpura Thrombocytopenia
- 8. Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Chronic Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Signs and Symptoms Purpura Excessive bleeding with minor injuries Mucosal Spontaneous bleeding from theIntracranial bleeding mouth and nose hemorrhage Unexplainable or spontaneousRetinal GI bleeding bruisingHematuria hemorrhage Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Excessive internal bleeding Disturbed sleep cycle/ Insomnia Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Irregular appetite Depression
- 9. Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Diagnostic Tests Coagulation test Bleeding time: prolonged Retraction time CBC: low number of platelets Platelet associated Antibody may be detected Bone Marrow Examination: shows megakaryocytic hyperplasia NO SPECIFIC TEST THAT IS DIAGNOSTIC OF ACUTE OR CHRONIC ITP
- 10. Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Characteristic Acute ITP Chronic ITP Age at onset 2- 6 yr 20- 50 yr Sex predilection None Female over male, 3: 1 Platelet count < 20,000/mcL 30,000- 80,000/mcL Duration 2-6 weeks Months to years Spontaneous remission 90% of patients Uncommon Seasonal pattern Higher incidence in None winter and spring
- 11. Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Treatment •In most cases ITP is not fatal and can be treated. •There is a wide variety of treatment options, but with only partial success due to the unknown nature of the disease. •The most commonly excepted, and most successful treatments for ITP involve the removal of the spleen because it is a site for autoantibody production.
- 12. Idiopathic / Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Treatment •People are also very commonly given Prednisone which is an artificial steroid which can enhance platelet production •For emergency case treatment (normally when platelets get below 20,000) They will administer IV G or intravenous gammaglobulin for several days, and they wait for counts to rebound