2nd Online Activity Date: Feb.15, 2010 Name: Diana Rose Verano Course: BEED Year/Section: I-B Subject: Earth Sience Day/Time Schedule: MWF 2:00-3:00 p.m. Link of your ppt/video presentation:

1. BY: Diana Rose M. Verano BEED 1-B The History of Meteorology and Invention of Weather Instruments

2. Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and short term forecasting (in contrast with climatology). Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed across several countries. Breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved in the latter half of the twentieth century, after the development of the computer. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere: They aretemperature, air pressure, water vapor, and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they change in time. The majority of Earth's observed weather is located in the troposphere.[1][2] Different spatial scales are studied to determine how systems on local, region, and global levels impact weather and climatology. Meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and atmospheric chemistry are sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences. Meteorology and hydrology compose the interdisciplinary field ofhydrometeorology. Interactions between Earth's atmosphere and the oceans are part of coupled ocean-atmosphere studies. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production, transport, agriculture and construction. The word "meteorology" is from Greek μετέωρος, metéōros, "high in the sky"; and-λογία, -logia.

3. History In 350 BC, Aristotle wrote Meteorology.[3] Aristotle is considered the founder of meteorology.[4] One of the most impressive achievements described in the Meteorology is the description of what is now known as the hydrologic cycle.[5] The Greek scientist Theophrastus compiled a book on weather forecasting, called the Book of Signs. The work of Theophrastus remained a dominant influence in the study of weather and in weather forecasting for nearly 2,000 years.[6] In 25 AD, PomponiusMela, a geographer for the Roman Empire, formalized the climatic zone system.[7] Around the 9th century, Al-Dinawari, a Kurdish naturalist, writes the Kitab al-Nabat (Book of Plants), in which he deals with the application of meteorology to agriculture during the Muslim Agricultural Revolution. He describes the meteorological character of the sky, theplanets and constellations, the sun and moon, the lunar phases indicating seasons and rain, the anwa (heavenly bodies of rain), and atmospheric phenomena such as winds, thunder, lightning, snow, floods, valleys, rivers, lakes, wells and other sources of water.[8][verification needed]

6. Barograph – an aneroid barometer that records the barometric pressure over time and produces a paper or foil chart called a barogram

8. Ceiling projector – a device that is used, in conjunction with an alidade, to measure the height of the base of clouds

9. Ceilometer – a device that uses a laser or other light source to measure the height of the base of clouds.

10. Dark adaptor goggles – clear, red-tinted plastic goggles used either for adapting the eyes to dark prior to night observation or to help identify clouds during bright sunshine or glare from snow

11. Disdrometer – an instrument used to measure the drop size, distribution, and velocity of falling hydrometeors

12. Field mill – an instrument used to measure the strength of electric fields in the atmosphere near thunderstorm clouds

13. Hygrometer – an instrument used to measure humidity

14. Ice Accretion Indicator – an L-shaped piece of aluminum 15 inches (38 cm) long by 2 inches (5 cm) wide used to indicate the formation of ice, frost, or the presence of freezing rain or freezing drizzle

15. LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) – an optical remote sensing technology used in atmospheric physics (among other fields) that measures the properties of scattered light to find information about a distant target

16. Lightning detector – a device, either ground-based, mobile, or space-based, that detects lightning produced by thunderstorms

17. Nephelometer – an instrument used to measure suspended particulates in a liquid or gas colloid. Gas-phase nephelometers are used to provide information on atmospheric visibility and albedo

18. Nephoscope – an instrument for measuring the altitude, direction, and velocity of clouds

19. Pyranometer – A type of actinometer found in many meteorological stations used to measure broadband solar irradiance