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1362573078 dr. rajdeep agrawal
1. Endovascular Therapy For Vascular
Insufficiency Of Lower Limbs
Dr. Rajdeep Agrawal, MD, DM
Interventional Cardiologist &
Vascular Interventionist,
Sir H N Hospital,Mumbai
Wockhardt Hospital
S R Mehta & Sir Kikabhai Hosp.
2. PAD is one of the commonest manifest.
of DM
15-20% of diabetic pts have PAD
Along with neuropathy & infection of
foot, it is a leading cause of amputation
Modality of Revascularisation
SX
Endovascular therapy
3. Goals of Revascularisation
Functional limb salvage
Functional limb salvage & not necessarily long term vessel
patency.Once the initial wound heals, even if there is
recurrence ,it is clinically well tolerated. The further limb loss
can be prevented with appropriate lifestyle modification,
control of risk factors & proper foot care.
In pts with Diabetes with e/o tissue loss ,every attempt should
be made to obtain functional limb salvage as many of these
pts.are critically ill, have multisystem involvement.Loss of a
limb adds markedly to their morbidity & sometimes mortality.
4. Ante grade Straight Line flow is
generally necessary for the healing of
ischemic non-healing ulcer or gangrene.
In CLI with Diabetic foot
revascularisation should generally
precede surgical foot care
Goal of Revascularisation
5. Indications of Angioplasty in
PAD in 2006
Life style limiting claudication
Critical ischemia / limb threatening
ischemia (rest pain, nocturnal pain,
non healing ulcer, gangrene)
Acute ischemia of lower limb
6. Critical Limb Ischemia
History
Severe claudication/Rest pain/Nocturnal pain.
Physical Exam.
Blanching on elevation & rubor on dependency
A – B index < 0.5
Capillary filling time > 15sec.
Venous filling time > 40sec.
Non – Invasive Tests
Ankle press. < 50mmHg
Toe pressure < 30mmHg
TcO2 < 20mmHg
Duplex scan /Color Doppler
7. Percutaneous Transluminal
Angioplasty
A new nonsurgical technique designed
to increase the lumen of the vessel &
thus prevent ischemia & its
complications
Mechanism
Inflated balloon exerts circumferential
pressure on the plaque
1. Plaque splitting & disruption
2. Stretching of the vessel wall
3. Compression of the atheroma
11. A LASER produces an
intense beam of light in
uniform wavelength that
can be precisely focused to
deliver high energy levels to
a small area
It converts solid plaque to
gas which is soluble in
blood
Laser Directed Angioplasty
12. Stent
An expandable metallic spring like
device which is permanently
implanted in the artery .
Mechanism
The prosthesis acts as a scaffold
to hold the artery open
Prevents recoil of the vessel
Reduces Restenosis
14. CUTTING BALLOON
CBA involves conventional
angioplasty with microsurgical
technology in an attempt to minimize
vessel trauma and injury during
balloon dilation.
CB consists of microsurgical blades or
atherotomes ( 3-4 in no. )mounted
longitudinally on the outer surface of
a non-compliant balloon. On balloon
inflation, these microblades score
the plaque at the lesion site &
accomplish dilation at lower pressure
than a conventional balloon. Also
acute gain is achieved primarily via
plaque compression & to a lesser
extent via vessel wall expansion &
hence less elastic recoil
FOLDING
SPRING 1cm ATHEROTOME
15. Cryoplasty
ANGIOPLASTY SYSTEM THAT
SIMULTANEOUSLY DILATES AND COOLS THE
PLAQUES AND VESSEL WALL
Using conventional technique, Cryoplasty balloon
is filled with NO2 & dilated at 6 atm.
The plaque & vessel wall is cooled at temp. – 2 C
to finally – 10C. This induces SMC apoptosis
thereby inhibiting neo-intimal proliferation.
16. 75/M Post CABG, Severe LV Dysfunction,Renal Insuff.
LT.Great Toe Gangrene
35. Advantages Of Angioplasty
1.Minimally invasive
Short hospital stay
Faster recovery
2. Low risk with significantly less
morbidity & mortality(<0.5 –1.0 %)
3. Comparable patency rates
4. Can be performed again if recurrence
occurs
38. Advantages Of Angioplasty cont..
5. Option of Sx always remains in the
event of failure of angioplasty.
6. Less cost
39. Disadvantages Of SX
1.Significantly higher morbidity &
mortality(risk increases further in high risk cases)
2. Option of angioplasty becomes difficult
in the event of failure of Sx
3. Nonavailability of venous conduit in pts
with bilat.varicose veins or in post
CABG pts.
4. Higher cost (specially with synthetic grafts)
40. Conclusion
In Diabetic foot, PAD contributes to
amputation by impeding the delivery of
antibiotics, Oxygen, nutrients & by
delaying wound healing & the ability to
fight infection.
Aggressive therapy with debridement,
antibiotics,good control of Diabetes &
when indicated revascularisation results
in salvage of > 90% of threatened limbs
even in high risk patients
41. Conclusion cont…
In the last few years, endovasc.
therapy has emerged as an equally
effective,less invasive, less risky (even
in high risk subset ) and overall a
better initial approach to achieve
revascularisation in majority of pts. Of
Diabetic foot Therefore, it should be the
first choice to achieve revascularisation
in most of the pts. If it fails then the
option of surgery should be considered.
For many years,Sx remained the mainstay to achieve Revascularisation in PAD of lower limbs; however last decade has seen emergence of endovascular therapy as an equally effective and less risky alternative
CLI denotes advanced or severe form of PAD with imminent limb loss.It may result in the development of rest pain or breakdown of skin. Sudden progression from IC to CLI occurs in about 19% of the diabetics with 21% risk of major amputation.CLI is a marker for premature death with 25 % mortality at 1 yr
2.The risk & morbidity is significantly less even high risk subset from sx view point.this subset includes pt. With
* severe CAD , LV dysfunction
* renal insufficiency
*critically ill pts,presence of infection/septicemia
2.Because of accelarated atherosclerosis , following sx there is progression of disease proximally, sometimes resulting into long segment total occlusion which makes the option of angioplasty dififcult.
3.In post CABG pts.specially elderly people(generally LIMA+SVG ¬ LIMA/RIMA) or pts with with bilat. Varicose veins the venous conduit may not be available