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Sistem Koordinasi
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Neuron
Berdasarkan jumlah
juluran
Neuron unipolar
pada sensoris
avertebrata
Neuron bipolar,
pada indera
manusia
Neuron multipolar,
dominan dari neuron
manusia
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Glutamat sensoris : otak dan sumsum tl belakang.
Glisin : di sumsum tulang belakang.
Asetilkolin :saraf motor ke otot.
Dopamin : otak.
Serotonin : otak
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Sinaps
1. aksosomatik
2. aksodendritik
3. aksoaksonik
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Polarisasi Neuron
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Sistem saraf
pusat
Otak
Sumsum tl
belakang
tepi
Sadar
(somatik)
Otonom
(Tidak sadar)
otak
Otak besar
Dahi
(frontalis)
Ubun ubun
(parietalis)
Pelipis
(temporalis)
Belakang
(oksipetalis)
Otak depan
talamus
hipotalamus
infundibulum
Otak
tengah
Otak kecil5/3/2014 1:07 PM 22
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Otak besar (cerebrum ):
1. Dahi ….berpikir
2.Pelipis…..pendengaran/bahasa
3. Ubun – ubun ….berbicara, suhu, rasa sakit
(diantara pelipis & ubun – ubun ..berbicara & bahasa)
4. belakang….. penglihatan , memory
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Otak depan (diensefalon)
1. Talamus…penerus dr saraf tepi ke korteks
2. Hipotalamus….suhu, emosi, tek darah
3. Infudi bulum…pangkal dr hipofisa
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otak tengah(mecencephalon) :
saraf okulomotoris : mengatur gerak mata.
otak kecil (cerebelum) :
keseimbangan, koordinasi otot.
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batang otak (medula oblongata)
pusat pernafasan, aktivitas jantung, pencernaan,
konsentrasi, dan saraf cranial.
sumsum tl belakang (medula spinalis)
pusat refleks dan konektor reseptor dgn otak
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Saraf perifer
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Saraf cranial (12 pasang)
a. 1, 2, 8..sensoris
b. 3, 4, 6, 11,12..motoris
c. 5, 7, 9, 10..sensoris & motoris
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saraf spinal (31 pasang)
1. 8 psg leher
2. 12 psg punggung
3. 5 psg pinggang
4. 4 psg pinggul
5. 1 psg ekor
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Plexus
1. cervicalis
2. branchialis
3. lumbo sakralis
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Saraf otonom
organ simpatis parasimpatis
Jantung cepat lambat
Pupil mata lebar sempit
Usus lambat cepat
Bronkus sempit lebar
Arteri sempit lebar
Kantung kemih kembang kerut
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Efek narkoba :
1. Halusinogen : ber-halusinasi Contohnya kokain
2. Stimulan : bertenaga dan gembira. misalnya candu
3.Depresan : tenang , tertidur Contohnya putaw.
4. Adiktif : kecanduan. Contohnya: ganja, heroin,
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Narkotika berasal dari 3 jenis tanaman Papaper
Somniferum (Candu), Erythroxyion coca (kokain), dan
cannabis sativa (ganja)
Jenis-jenisnya adalah:
Opium atau Candu, Codein, Methadone (MTD),LSD atau
Lysergic Acid , Mescalin, Barbiturat, Demerol,
Dektropropoksiven,Hashish (tepung hitam).
.
.
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BELLS PALSY
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Indera
Mata
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a. kelopak mata
1. konjungtiva…selaput lendir
2. kel.meibomian…lemak/memisahkan
b. bulu mata
1. kelenjar zeis
c. kel air mata (lakrimalis)
- duktus lakrimalis
- duktus nasolakrimalis
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ligamentum suspensorium
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Lapisan mata
Tunika Fibrosa
- sklera
- kornea
- konjungtiva
- kanalis schelmm
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Tunika Vaskulosa
-Koroid (lapisan berpigmen)
-Iris
-Pupil
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Proses melihat
Cahaya –kornea-pupil-aqueos humor--
lensa-vitreous humor, retina (sel batang dan
sel kerucut) – saraf penglihatan (sensoris)/(
saraf optik 2:cranial)- cerebrum belakang
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proses merasa
saraf permuakaan kuncup perasa –
saraf sensoris – cerebrum
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Ujung saraf
1.Meisner…sentuhan
2. Ruffini…panas
3. Krausse…dingin
4. Paccini…tekanan
5. Tanpa selaput….sakit
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Hormon
1. Hipofisa (pituitari)
2. Tiroid
3. Paratiroid
4. Adrenal
5. Pankreas
6. Ovarium
7. Testis
8. Plasenta
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Hipofisa (pituitari)
1. Anterior
2. Pars intermedia
3. Posterior
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Hipofisa anterior
1. Somatotropin
2. Growth Hormon
3. Tyroid Stimulating Hormon
4. Adrenocorticotropic Hormon
5. Prolaktin Hormon
6. Follicle Stimulating Hormon
7. Lutenizing Hormon
8. Follicle Stimulating Hormon
9. Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormon5/3/2014 1:07 PM 114
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Hipofisa pars intermedia
melanosit stimulating hormon
Hipofisa posterior
oksitosin
adh (vasopresin)
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Tiroid
1. tiroksin (T4) ; mempercepat metabolisme
2. tryodotironin (T3) ; mempercepat metabolisme
3. kalsitonin (sel C) ; pengendapan kalsium
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Paratiroid (parathormon)
absorbsi & ekskresi Ca
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Kelenjar adrenal
bagian korteks…kortison
1. mineralokortikoid
mengatur metabolisme mineral
2. glukortikoid
mengatur metabolisme glukosa
kerusakan korteks…adison5/3/2014 1:07 PM 122
Medula
1. Adrenalin
2.Noradrenalin
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Pankreas
Insulin
Glukagon
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Ovarium
Esrogen
Progesteron
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Testis
Testosteron
Plasenta
- Gonadotropin korion
- Estrogen
- Progesteron
- Somatotropin
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Invertebrata
juvenil (menghambat metamorfosis)
ekdison (pergantian kulit)
vertebrata dan invertebrata
FEROMON
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Sistem koordinasi