The document provides details about Mughal gardens, including their key features and examples. It discusses: 1. Mughal gardens were built following the Persian style of architecture, with rectilinear layouts divided by pathways and water canals. Features include terraces, fountains, and baradaris. 2. Important examples described are the Ram Bagh (first Mughal garden), Humayun's Tomb Garden, Shalimar Bagh, and gardens at the Taj Mahal. 3. Key elements of Mughal garden design are the char bagh layout with four quarters divided by walkways and water channels, and the incorporation of water features like pools, canals and

1. MUGHAL GARDENS
&
FEATURES
PRESENTED BY:
Deepak Kumar Si
M.Sc.(Horticulture)
Rag no-1961912001
SUBMITED TO:
DR.C.R. MOHANTY

2. INTRODUCTION
• Mughal gardens are a group of
gardens built by the Mughals in the
Islamic style of architecture.
• This style was influenced by Persian
Gardens .
• Significant use of Rectilinear Layouts
are made within the walled
enclosures.
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3. TIMELINE OF THE MUGHALEMPIRE
BABAR
1526-1530
• Babur, the first Mughal -king, had gardens built in Lahore and Dholpur
• E.g., RAM BAGH, AGRA
HUMAYUN
1530-1543
• Humayun has not as such contributed much to the landscape architecture but he had built
PURANA QUILA , DELHI in which there are traces of landscape.
AKBAR
1556-1605
• Akbar built several gardens first in Delhi, then in Agra, eg, Humayuns tomb, Fatehpur sikhri
• These tended to be riverfront gardens rather than the fortress garden. Which influenced the
later Mughal garden architecture.
JAHANGIR
1605-1627
• Jahangir, did not build as much, but he helped to lay out the famous Shalimar garden.
SHAH- JAHAN
1627-1658
• Shah Jahan, marks the apex of Mughal garden architecture and floral design.
• Example, Shalimar(lahore), Taj mahal, Red fort, Nishat garden(kashmir).
AURANGZEB
1658-1707
• Aurangzeb has not developed much gardens except Chauburji.

4. Feature of Mughal garden
✣ Site and design : Mughals had fond of water. They always selected site on hill
slope with a perennial source of water or along with the banks of perennial river.
The gardens were mostly square or rectangular in shape. Different architecture
features like bird bath, fountains etc. find due place in the garden.
✣ Walls and gate: Walls and Gates. Mughals created garden for the sake of
recreation and pleasure and also for residence. The gardens were used as forts.
The gardens were surrounded with highballs so that it may not be easily
accessed by enemies. The entrance were provided with huge wooden gates
studded with iron nails and pointed iron spikes.
✣ Terraces: The Mughals came from hilly terrain. So they had intrinsic inclination
towards terrace. They selected location for garden mostly on hill slopes. Even in
plains artificial terraces were created in the garden. According to Islamic faith,
the paradise has eight divisions. Accordingly, gardens were composed of eight
terraces. Some gardens were of having seven terraces corresponding to seven
planets.
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5. Feature of Mughal garden
✣ Running water: Mughal gardens were provided with source of water like canal or* pond. The
style for having water was borrowed from the Persian garden. The water canals or ponds
were paved with tiles or blue colour to create the illusion of depth. To break up the flow of
water into artificial falls and ripples, the course of water was maneuvered in various ways.
There were fountains in canal to throw water as shower. Lamps were illuminated during
evening to create beautiful effect of lighting. The fascination for water came from the Muslim
faith according to which paradise is the place "where cooling water flows". With this conviction
Mughals selected a site on hill slope to get the benefit of running water. In the plains water
was utilized for its cooling effect in summer
✣ Baradari: This is masonry feature with a permanent roof and raised platform for Siting.
Baradari were usually provided with 12 doors on all sides. These were constructed toe the
emperor to watch the performance of dancing girls, rain shower and innocuous flight of birds.
✣ Tomb or mosque: It was common practice to create garden around Tomb or Mosque.sually,
Mughal gardens have been developed with a monument of Tomb or mosque e.g. TajGardens
around Taj Mahal
✣ Trees and flowers: According to Mughals, each tree symbolizes something. Fruit trees were
considered symbols of life and youth. Cypress represents death and eternity. The seasonal
flower were planted along the water canal. Rose,jasmine,carnation,hollyhock,delphinium etc.
Were favored.
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6. 1. Significant use of
rectilinear layouts
are made within the
walled enclosures.
2. Typical features
include
pools, fountains
and canals inside
the gardens.

7. 3. Had handsome walls and great gateways More like
forts than gardens City was pleasantly adorned
4. Most important feature of Mughal garden is Char Bagh planning.

8. 5. Mughals
were obsessed
with symbol
and
incorporated it
into their
gardens in
many ways.

9. 6. Include trees of various
sorts, some to provide
shade merely, and others
to produce fruits;
flowers, colorful and sweet-
smelling;
grass, usually growing wild
under the trees;
birds to fill the garden with
song; the whole cooled by
a pleasant breeze.

10. 7. The garden
might include a
raised hillock at
the center,
reminiscent of the
mountain at the
center of the
universe in
cosmological
descriptions, and
often surmounted
by a pavilion or
palace.

11. • Universally planned
in the midst of a
CHAR BAGH
• founded with
architectural
elements such as
STONE
PATHWAYS,
CANALS, LILY
POND, LOTUS-
TANKS, STAIRS ,
CASCADES and
WATERFALLS.
• Example :
Humayun’s Tomb

12. • Gardens along with such water devices as tanks, canals,
cascades and fountains.
• Illustrated by a large no. of paintings of this period

13. Example : Garden around a fort at Agra

14. • Gardens were laid down independently on a plain surface on char bagh plan , enclosed
on all sides by a PARKOTA( RAMPATS )with a main gateway in the south and with some
ornamental gateways on other sides.
• Divided in four equal parts by four CANALS running from central platform with stone or
or brick paved causeways on both sides ,having tanks ,and cascades sometimes.
• Perfectly unified homogeneous composition.
• Pleasure pavilion was originally built on the central later sometimes replaced by a tomb of
the owner of the garden.

15. PLAN – TAJ
MAHAL

16. • laid out with all the basic elements of the plain garden in several terraces
• had a central canal in the middle, descending from one terrace to the
other, through broad fish scaled cascades and relay-tanks
• each terrace generally having its own independent CHAR BAGH plan.

17. SHALIMARBAGH
•Includes all the
features of a
mughal garden
• Has 3 terraces
•The 2nd terrace
garden along the
axial canal slightly
broader, has two
shallow terraces.

18. •The carved stone
bases and a fine
platform surrounded
by fountains are still
seen
•Shalimar Bagh is
well known for chini
khanas, or arched
niches, behind garden
waterfalls.
•The garden is
considered to be very
beautiful during the
autumn and spring

19. Rashtrapati Bhawan has all the features of a Mughal Garden

20. SITES OF MUGHALGARDENS
 HUMAYUN’S TOMB, DELHI
 TAJ MAHAL, AGRA
 RAM BAGH, AGRA
 MEHTAB BAGH, AGRA
 SHALIMAR GARDENS, KASHMIR
 YADVINDRA GARDENS, PINJORE
 KHUSRO BAGH, ALLAHBAD
HUMAYUN’S TOMB
RAM BAGH
SHALIMAR GARDENS
YADVINDRA GARDENS
KHUSRO BAGHTAJ MAHAL
INDIA

21. VARIOUS MUGHALGARDENS
 Afghanistan
 Bagh-e Babur(Kabul)
 Pakistan
 Chauburji(The Gate
to the Mughal
Gardens)
 Lahore Fort
 Shahdara Bagh
 Shalimar Gardens
(Lahore)
 Hazuri Bagh
Bagh-e Babur(Kabul)  Hazuri Bagh

22. RAMBAGH GARDEN, AGRA

23. RAMBAGHGARDEN,AGRA
• The Ram Bagh is the oldest Mughal
Garden in India,
• Built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in
1528 A.D.
• Planned following the charbagh
pattern.
• Four main divisions crisscrossed
by paths and waterways.
• Located about five kilometers
northeast of the Taj Mahal.

24. RAMBAGHGARDEN, AGRA
• Water represented life
• The garden is a Paradise garden or
Char bagh, where pathways and
canals divide the garden to
represent the Islamic ideal of
paradise, an abundant garden
through which rivers flow.
• The Ram Bagh provides an
example of a variant of the
charbagh in which water cascades
down three terraces in a sequence
of cascades.

25. MUGHALGARDEN ATHUMAYUN’S TOMB
• Humayun's Tomb was the first
garden tomb made in India.
• The garden is divided into 36
squares by a grid of water
channels and paths.
• These channels of water also
facilitates the formation of
Charbagh at Humayun’s Tomb.
• The laying down of the gardens in
the Persian style was introduced by
Babur and continued till the period
of Shah Jahan.

26. Meeting point of all the channel
Single rectangular bagh
Fountain at the central axis

27. Scarce Vegetation with
the help of Palm Trees
• While the main tomb took over eight years to build, it was also placed in centre of
a 30-acre (120,000 m2) Char Bagh Garden which was the first of its kind in the
South Asia in such a scale.
• The highly geometrical and enclosed Paradise Garden is divided into four squares by
paved walkways (khiyabans) and two bisecting central water channels, reflecting
the four rivers that flow in jannat, the Islamic concept of paradise.
• The central water channels appear to be disappearing beneath the tomb structure
and reappearing on the other side in a straight line, suggesting the Quranic verse,
which talks of rivers flowing beneath the 'Garden of Paradise'.

28. TAJ MAHAL

29. • The complex is set around a large 300-meter square char bagh, a Mughal garden.
• The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the four quarters of the garden into 16 sunken
parterres or flowerbeds.
A raised marble water tank at the center of the garden, halfway between the tomb and
gateway, with a reflecting pool on North-South axis reflects the image of the Taj Mahal.
Elsewhere, the garden is laid out with avenues of trees and fountains.
CHAR BAGH
CHAR BAGH

30. • Most Mughal char baghs are
rectangular with a tomb or
pavilion in the center.
• The Taj Mahal garden is
unusual in that the main
element, the tomb, instead
is located at the end of the
garden.

31. • Early accounts of the garden describe its profusion of vegetation, including roses, daffodils, and fruit
trees in abundance.
• As the Mughal Empire declined, the tending of the garden declined as well.
• When the British took over the management of Taj Mahal, they changed the landscaping to
resemble that of lawns of London.

32. MAHTAB BAGH

33. MAHTABBAGH
• It is situated on the sandy bank of Yamuna River
just opposite the TajMahal mausoleum.
• The name Mahtab Bagh means 'Moon Lit Garden'
and the same is testified by the beautiful reflection
of Taj Mahal in the pool at night in Mahtab Bagh.
• The place has a history of its own. It is believed that
the great emperor Shah Jahan who built TajMahal
for his queen wanted an identical one for himself at
Mahtab Bagh.
• However the archaeological findings have proved
the existence of garden complex.

34. MAHTAB BAGH
• This place was once a heavenly
garden with shaded pavilions,
fountain jets, fragrant flowers
and fantastic pools.
• The garden has been renovated
by the Archaeological Survey
according to the original plan.
• The place has been enriched with
vegetation and at present more
than 40 species of plants bloom
in the garden.
• The garden has been built in a
typical Char bagh fashion.

35. OTHER MUGHAL GARDENS IN INDIA
• Rashtrapati Bhawan
• Shalimar Bagh

36. 36
Lutyens’ Mughal Gardens

37. Mughal gardens
With terraced
lawns, cascading
fountains, paint-
box-bright
flowerbeds with the
panorama of the Dal
in front of them -
the three Mughal
Gardens of
Chesmashahi, Nisha
t and Shalimar are
the Mughal
Emperors' concept
of paradise and are
today very popular
places for picnics
and excursions.

38. Mughal gardens tulip garden

39. Mughal gardens

40. Mughal gardens in winter

41. Cheshmashahi

42. Cheshmashahi garden kashmir

43. Kashmir Srinagar CheshmashahiGarden

44. The remains of the Oont Kadal in Dal Lake at Nishat Bagh

45. Nishat Bagh MughalGardens

46. Nishat Bagh. Thebrother
of Mughal Empress Nur
Jehan, Asif Khan laid the
Garden in Srinagar in
1633.

47. Pari Mahal

48. The Pari Mahal

49. Kashmir Shalimar Bagh Srinagar

50. Shalimar Bagh

51. Shalimar Bagh of Srinagar

52. 52
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