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efgyk
l’kfDrdj.k
egs’k oekZ
ladk; lnL;
Lkgdkjh izca/k laLFkku]
Hkksiky
bZ&8@77] f=yaxk jksM ]’kkgiqjk
Qksu ua- 0755&2725477@4034733
QSDl % 0755&4034733
E-mail : icmbpl@gmail.com
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lgdkjh izcU/k laLFkku] Hkksiky dk ,d
laf{kIr ifjp;
lgdkjh izcU/k laLFkku Hkksiky dh ladYiuk jk"Vª ds
lgdkjh vkUnksyu esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl gsrq izeq[k
ckSf?nd #i ls dh xbZ gSA ;g laLFkku e-iz- ,oa N-xesa 1956 ls izca/kdh; fodkl gsrq f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k ,oa
'kks/k ijke’kZ vkfn lsok;sa iznku dj jgk gS A Hkkjr
ljdkj o Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; lgdkjh la?k }kjk xfBr
jk"Vªh; lgdkjh izf’k{k.k ifj"kn ] ubZ fnYyh ds varxZr
bldks ’kr izfr’kr iks"k.k izkIr gS A ifj"kn ds
fu;ekuqlkj laLFkku dk =Sekfld vkWfMV lh-,- ls
djk;k tkrk gSA laLFkku dk izeq[k mn~ns’; lgdkjh
{ks=ksa esa izca/kdksa dh iz’kklfud n{krk ,oa fu.kZ; dkS’ky
esa o`f} djuk gSA l
•laLFkku Onkjk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij vk;ksftr
dk;Zdze
 us’kuy ,xzhdYpkjy cSafdx #jy MoyiesUV] (ukckMZ )
eqEcbZ A
 QkjoMZ ekdsZV deh’ku eqEcbZ A
 Uks’kuy bULVhV~;wV QkWj ,xzhdYpjy ekdsZV (fu;ke) t;iqj
]
 us’kuy cSdoMZ Dyklsal] Qk;usal ,.M MsoyiesaV
dkjiksjs’ku] ubZ fnYyh] cMZ y[kuÅ]
 os;jgkmlsl MoyiesUV jsxwjs’ku vkWFksfjVh (MCY;w-Mh-vkj-,-)
ubZfnYyh A
 Mk;jsDVj tujy vkWQ jhlsVyesUV] fefuLV~zh vkWQ fMQsUl]
ubZfnYyh ds fy;s izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze dk vk;kstu fd;k
e-iz- Lrj ij
laLFkku esa ys[kkdau] izcU/k] ekdsZfVax ] lka[;dh
]usr`Ro fodkl ]fof/k] lgdkfjrk ] lwpuk dk vf/kdkj]
vads{k.k ] lgdkfjrk foHkkx] e-iz ikB~; iqLrd fuxe
] foi.ku la?k] miHkksDrk la?k] nqX/k la?k ] visDl
cSad] y?kq ouksit la?k] ukxfjd lgdkjh cSad ] ftyk
lgdkjh cSad ] ftyk lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k
fodkl cSad] eRL; lgdkjh la?k] vk;-lh-Mh-ih-]
vuqlwfpr tkfr foRr fodkl fuxe] lh-MCY;w lh
gkFkdj|k foHkkx rFkk vU; dbZ jkT; Lrjh; izeq[k
fuxe] ,oa e.Myksa gsrq Hkh izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze dk
vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSa A
laLFkku ds lalk/ku
• laLFkku esa viuk fo’ks"k vk/kqfud okrkuqdwfyr dEI;wVj ysc gS
A ftlesa yxHkx 50 dEI;wVj gS A lHkh dEI;wVj bUVjusV o
ysu ds ek/;e ls tqMs gq, gS A
• laLFkku esa ,d fo’kky iqLrdky; gS ftlesa yxHkx 15 gtkj
ls vf/kd iqLrdsa 50 ls vf/kd nSfud lkIrkfgd] ikf{kd
ekfld lekpkj i= if=dk;sa vkrh gSa A
• laLFkku ds ikl vU; lk/kuksa esa okrkdqfyr dkUQlZ gkWy]
vR;k/kqfud Dykl#e dyj Vh-oh- ekbZd flLVe] izf’k{k.k dks
izHkkoh cukus gsrq izkstsDVj] ,y-lh-Mh- ysiVkWi vkfn dh
vk/kqfud lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k gSa
• laLFkku }kjk ns’k esa vU; LFkkuksa ls fo’ks"kKksa ds O;k[;ku dk
ykHk ysus gsrq ohfM;ks dkUQszflax dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks
laLFkku esa LFkkfir gS A
efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dk vk’k;
efgykvksa
dks
vk/;kfRed]
jktuhfrd]
eukslkekftd] 'kS{kf.kd] vkfFkZd o O;ogkfjd :i ls
l’kDr djuk gSA bl izdkj efgyk l’kfDrdj.k ds }kjk
ekuo fodkl dh o`f) dh lajpuk lqn`< gksrh gSSA bldk
efgykvksa dks 'kkjhfjd ] ekufld rFkk euksoSKkfud :i
ls lkdkjkRed vkSj O;ogkdfjd izHkko muds thou ij
iMrk gS] vkSj efgyk,a T;knk vkRefo’okl ds lkFk
viuk thou fuokZg dj ldrh gSA
;fn vki ,d iq:"k dks f’kf{kr djrs gS rks ek= og
iq:"k f’kf{kr gksrk gS ijUrq ,d efgyk dks f’kf{kr djrs
gS rks ih<h nj ih<h f’kf{kr gks tkrh gSA
efgyk l’kfDrdj.k ds mn~ns’;
1- efgykvksa dks mUur] fodflr ,oa l’kDr djuk gSA

2- efgykvks ds fodkl ds fy, okrkoj.k rS;kj djukA
3- lekt ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa iq:"k ds lkFk lkE;rk ds
vk/kkj ij ekSfyd Lora=rk ,oa ekuokf/kdkj dks
iznku djukA
4- jk"Vª ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd]jktfufrd {ks= esa
Hkkxhnkj cukukA
5- LokLF;] f’k{kk] dSfj;j] ikfjJfed {ks= esa efgykvksa
ds leku igqap cukukA
6- efgykvks ds izfr lHkh HksnHkko lekIr djrs gq,
lqj{kk iznku djukA
efgyk l’kfDrdj.k ds fl}kUr
•

ySafxd lekurk ds fy, mPp Lrj ij izR;sd {ks= esa
efgyk usr`Ro dh LFkkiukA
•
Ekfgyk o iq#"k dks fyax vk/kkfjr xSj HksnHkko ds
lEeku o ekuo vf/kdkj dks gsrq lg;ksx iznku
djukA
•
efgyk vkSj iq#"k Jfedksa ds LokLF; ] lqj{kk
vkSj
Hkfo"; dh xkjaVh A
•
Ekfgykvksa ds fy, f’k{kk] izf’k{k.k vkSj O;kolkf;d
fodkl dks o<kok nsuk A
efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dh i`"BHkwfe
• Hkkjr us ,d desVh LVsVl vkWQ oweu bu bafM;k dh LFkkiuk dj 1974 esa
fjiksVZ la;qDr jk"Vª dks nhA
• la;qDr jk"Vª us igyh ckj 1975 esa efgyk o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• Hkkjr dh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 1974&78 esa efgykvksa ds izfr ldkjkRed
fodkl dh ;kstukvksa dks fdz;kfUor fd;k x;kA
• 11 oha iapo"khZ; ;sktuk esa 1 vizSy 2007 31 ekpZ 2012 esa xzkeh.k
efgykvksa dh 'kfDr laiUurk dks ysdj ;kstuvk,a pykbZ xbZA
• Hkkjr us 2001 dks efgyk l’kfDrdj.k o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ftlesa efgyk
Lo;afl)k ;kstuk ds varxZr Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk xBu fd;k x;kA
• 1963 esa jk"Vªh; efgyk dks"k dk xBu fd;k x;kA
• efgykvksa dks izf’k{k.k o jkstxkj gsrq dk;Zdze LVsi 2009 izkajHk fd;kA
• efgyk l’kfDrdj.k gsrq 9 ekpZ 2010 dks vrajkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol euk;k
x;k A
efgykvksa dk vkfFkZd l’kfDrdj.k
• Xkjhch mUewyu uhfr fu/kkZj.k & lkekftd ifjis{; vkfFkZd
uhfr;ka vkSj xjhch mUewyu dk;Zdze esa efgykvksa dh
leL;kvkasa dk fujkdj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• efgyvks dh l{kerk esa o`f) dh tkuh pkfg,aA
• vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodYi miyC/k djok;s tkuk
pkfg,A
• m|ferk dk fodkl & Lo;a dk jkstxkj ;k lewg esa
jkstxkj miyC/k djok;k tkuk pkfg,A
• ekbØks ØsfMV & lw{e foRrh; laLFkk LFkkfir dh tkuk
pkfg,] _.k rd efgykvksa dh igqWp vklku dh tkuh
pkfg,A
• foRrh; lek;kstu & foRrh; lek;kstu ds ek/;e ls
efgykvksa dks l’kDr ouk;k tk ldrk gSA
• Ekfgykvksa dk d`f"k }kjk l’kfDrdj.k & d`f"k {ks= esa
efgykvks dks e`nk laj}k.k lkekftd okfudh] Ms;jh
fodkl] ckxokuh] y?qk i'kqikyu] eqxhZ ikyu] eRL;
ikyu vkfn esa izf’k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
• Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o m|ksx & bysDVªkfuDl lwpuk]
[kk| izlaLdj.k] d`f"k m|ksx] oL= m|ksx] vkfn esa
efgykvksa dh fo’ks"k Hkwfedk jgrh gS vr% efgykvksa
dks O;kid lgk;rk nh tkuk pkfg,A
• Lo lgk;rk lewg & lekt dh xjhc oxksZ dh
efgykvksa ds fy, vkfFkZd onyko ds fy, Lo lgk;rk
lewg ,d vk/kkj LrEHk gS A
Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k gsrq Lkkekftd cnyko
• f’k{kk & f’k{kk ds fcuk efgyk l’kDrdj.k iwjk ugh gks
ldrk] f’k{kk dk izlkj xjhch js[kk ls uhps rd dh
efgykvksa esa Hkh gksuk pkfg,A iajkijxr f’k{kk Hkh nh tkuk
pkfg,aA
• LokLF; & efgykvksa ds thou dky esa dqiks"k.k o chekjh
dk [krjk jgrk gSA muds thoupdz esa iks"k.k laca/kh
vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• LoPN is;ty o LoPNRrk & xzkeh.k o 'kgjh xjhc cfLr;ksa
esa LoPN is;ty] 'kkSpky; vkfn dh lqfo/kkvksa ij fo’ks"k
/;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
• vkokl & xzkeh.k o 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa vkokl uhfr dk ikyu
xjhch js[kk dks ns[kdj ds Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• fu.kZ; {kerk & efgykvksa ds }kjk vius dk;Z{ks=
esa fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk dk fodkl fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A ftlds fy, ljdkj us 73 osa 74 osa
lafo/kku la’kks/ku }kjk efgykvks ds fy, iapk;rh
jkt o uxjikfydk ds pquko esa 33 izfr’kr
lhVksa dks vkj{k.k iznku fd;k gSA ftlls muds
fu.kZ; {kerk esa o`f) gqbZ gSA
lgdkjh vf/kfu;e 1960 esa 97 osa la’kks/ku ds
vuq:i lapkyd eaMy esa nks in efgykvksa ds
fy, vkjf{kr fd;s x;s gSA
Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o laoS/kkfud
izko/kku
• vuqPNsn 14 lerk dk vf/kdkj A
• vuqPNsn 15 ¼3½ efgykvksa o cPpksa ds fy,
fo’ks"k lqfo/kk
• vuqPNsn 16 ukSdjh esa lekurk A
• vuqPNsn 19 leku vfHkO;fDr A
• vuqPNsn 21 izk.k o nSfgd LokrU=rk A
• vuqPNsn 23&24 ukjh dz;
izFkk ij jksd
• vuqPNsn 243 ¼4½ iapk;rh
laLFkkvksa ds pquko esa 33
vkj{k.k ¼73 o 74 lafo/kku
• vuqPNsn 330 yksdlHkk esa
¼84 lafo/kku la’kks/ku½

fodz; o csxkj
jkt o uxjh;
izfr’kr efgyk
la’kks/ku½
efgyk vkj{k.k
jkT; ds uhfr funs’kd rRoksa esa efgyk
l’kfDrdj.k
vuqPNsn 39
jkT; dk ;g drZO; gS fd &
1 iq#"k o L=h lHkh dks thfodk ds Ik;kZIr lk/ku
izkIr djus dk volj iznku djs A
2 iq#"k o L=h dks leku dk;Z ds fy, leku
osru dk izko/kku djs A
Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o vU; dkuwu
• Ckkxku Je vf/kfu;e 1951 & efgyk deZdkj dks
vius cPpksa dks nw/k fiykus ds fy, fo’ks"k vodk’k
• deZpkjh jkT; chek fofue; vf/kfu;e 1952 &
izlwrh ykHk dh nok fpfdRlh; izek.ki= dh frfFk ls
ykxw A
• [kku vf/kfu;e 1952 & Hkwfexr [kknkuksa esaefgykvksa
ds fu;kstu ij jksd A
• chMh deZdkj vf/kfu;e 1966 & efgyk deZdkjksa ds
fu/kkZfjr lhek esa gksus ij f’k’kqlnu dh O;oLFkk A
• cky fookg fu"k/k vf/kfu;e 1979 & de mez dh
ckfydkvksa o efgykvksa dh 'kknh ij ikcanhA
• L=h vf’k"V fu:i.k fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e 1986 & efgykvksa
ds v’yhy izn’kZu ij izfrca/kA
• oS’;ko`fr fuokj.k vf/kfu;e 1986 &
• ngst vf/kfu;e 1987 &
• lrh fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e 1987
• izlo iwoZ fyax tkWp fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e 1994&
• efgyk ;kSumRihMu vf/kfu;e 2005
• fgUnw mRrkf/kdkj la’kks/ku vf/kfu;e 2005& /kkjk 6 firk
dh laifRr esa iq= ds leku iq=h dk vf/kdkjA
• vU; dkuwu & lwpuk dk vf/kdkj 2005 & efgyk,a Hkh
lwpuk izkfIr gsrq leku vf/kdkj j[krh gSA
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk 1860 ds vraxZr
efgyk lqj{kk dkuwu &
• 'khyHkax & /kkjk 376 vkbZihlh
• vigj.k &/kkjk 363 ls 373
vkbZihlh
• ngst gR;k &/kkjk 302@304 vkbZihlh
• mRihMu & /kkjk 458 vkbZihlh
• NsMNkM & /kkjk 458 vkbZihlh
efgykvksa gsrq dkuwuh lgk;rk
ftyk U;k;ky;ksa o mPp U;k;ky;ksa es
xjhc efgykvksa gsrq fu%’kqYd fof/kd
ijke’kZ] lgk;rk ds izko/kku gSA
iSjkyhxy Dyhfud ds ek/;e ls Hkh
efgykvksa dks dkuwuh lgk;rk izkIr
gksrh gSA
jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx
• jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1990 esa dh xbZ efgyk
,oa ckyfodkl dY;k.k ea=ky; ds v/khu dh xbZA
• efgyk vk;ksx efgykvksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, dke
djrk gSA
• Efgyk vk;ksx efgykvksa dh leL;k ls lacaf/kr efgyk vR;kpkj
;k HksnHkko ds f[kykQ tkWp djrk gSA
• efgykvksa dks dkuwuh lykg nsuk o vf/kdkjksa dh tkudkjh rFkk
mi;ksx djus dh {kerk esa lg;ksx djukA
• ns'k esa fofHkUu ikfjokfjd yksd vnkyrksa dk vk;kstu djds
U;k; lqfo/k iznku djukA
• lafo/kku rFkk ekStwnk dkuwu esa u;s izko/kku rFkk iqjkus dkuwuksa
esa [kkfe;ksa dh fjiksVZ ljdkj dks nsrk gSA
• Lak?k o jk+T; esa efgykvksa dh izxfr ds fodkl dk ewY;kadu dj
tulquokbZ djrk gSA
efgyk l’kfDrdj.k esa ck/kd rRo
• ?kj ls ckgj dk;Z djus dh fLFkfr esa nksgjs
nkf;Ro dk fuokZg djus dh ck/;rkA
• iztuu dk;Z o f’k’kqikyu dk ,dkadh
nkf;RoA
• f'k{kk dk U;wure LrjA
• dke ds lanHkZ esa vi;kZIr izf’k{k.kA
• ckgjh thou esa i;kZIr vr% fØ;k dk
vHkkoA
• efgyk l’kfDrdj.k o`f) gsrq lq>ko
•
•
•
•

f'k{kk dk izlkj fd;k tk;sA
yksdrkaf=d izfdz;k esa mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ tk;s A
jkstxkj rFkk izf’k{k.k volj c<k;s tk;s A
laxksf"B rFkk izpkj ds vU; lk/kuksa }kjk tkx:d
fd;k tk;sA
• vkfFkZd {kerk c<kus gsrq iz;kl fd;s tk;sA
• Izkfrfuf?kRo {kerk]fu.kZ; {kerk esa l{ke cuk;k tk;sA
• Lo;a dh {kerkvksa ds iw.kZ fodkl dk efgykvksa dks
vf/kdkj izkIr gksA
Ekfgykvkssa dks l’kDr vkSj l{ke cukus gsrq dsUnz
ljdkj dh ;kstuk;sa
• Mokdjk ;kstuk &1982&f’k{kk LokLF; iks"kkgkj
laca/kh ;kstuk
• U;wekWMy pj[kk ;kstuk&1987&jkstxkj laca/kh
;kstuk
• ekr` f’k’kq LokLF; ;kstuk 1992&e`R;q nj ij
jksd laca/kh
• efgyk le`f} ;kstuk 1993 & cpr laca/kh
• jk"Vªh; efgyk dks"k ;kstuk 1993&xjhc
efgykvksa dks _.k miyC/k laca/kh
• jk"Vªh; efgyk fodkl ;kstuk 1996 &xzkeh.k efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh
esa o`f} djuk A
• jktjkts’ojh chek ;kstuk 1997 & xjhc efgykvksa dks fodykaxrk
laca/kh vkfFkZd lgk;rk A
• Ckkfydk le`f} ;kstuk 1997 & ckfydk dh ekW dks iksf"Vd vkgkj
laca/kh A
• Ekfgyk lq’kfDr ;kstuk 1998 & Lo lgk;rk lewg ds ek/;e ls
l’kDr cukuk A
• fd'kksjh ’kfDr ;kstuk 2000 & LokLF; ,oa iks"k.k laca/kh ;kstuk
• Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o"kZ 2001
• tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk 2005 & blds ek/;e ls izlo lqfo/kk miyC/k
djkdj ekr` e`R;q nj vkSj f’k’kq e`R;q nj esa deh ykus dh dksf’k’k
dh xbZ A
• jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk 2008 & blesa xzkeh.k
efgykvksa ds fy, jkstxkj esa 33 izfr’kr vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh
xbZ A
Ekfgykvkssa dks l’kDr vkSj l{ke cukus gsrq
izns’k ljdkj dh ;kstuk;sa
• ykMyh y{eh ;kstuk
•
dU;knku ;kstuk
•
lqLokxre y{eh ;kstuk
Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k esa 52 izfr’kr fgLlsnkjh
okyh efgyk dk thou cgqr dfBu ,oa ;krukiw.kZ
cu dj jg x;k gSA vkadMksa esa ;fn ;g fLFkfr
ns[kh tk;s rks izR;sd 1000 iq:"kksa ij 933
efgyk,a gSA ftudk 'kS{kf.kd fodkl izfr’kr ek=
54-16 gSA Hkkjrh; laln esa ;g 10 izfr’kr Hkh
ugh gSA iz’kkldh; izca/kdh; o O;kolkf;d inksa ij
ek= 2-3 izfr’kr rFkk vU; rduhdh {ks=ksa esa ek=
20 izfr’kr izfrfuf/kRo gh gSA efgyk lk{kjrk nj
2011 ds vkdMksa ds vuqlkj yxHkx 65 izfr’kr
c<h gSA vkSj os ns’k essa 'kh"kZ inksa ij dk;Z dj jgh
gSA
efgyk f’k{kk vkdaMksa esa
ns'kHkj esa dkedkth efgykvksa dh
fLFkfr

jk"Vªh; Lrj ij & 25 izfr’kr
'kgjh Lrj ij & 15 izfr’kr
xzkeh.k Lrj ij & 30 izfr’kr
nqfu;k esa fd, dke ds ?akVksa esa 60
Qhlnh ls vf/kd ;ksxnku efgyk,a
djrh gS] ysfdu mUgsa nqfu;k dh vk;
dk egt 10 Qhlnh gkfly gksrk gS
vkSj os dsoy 1 Qhlnh laifRr dh
ekfyd gS] ;gh ugh] iwjs fo’o esa dsoy
15 Qhlnh efgyk,a mPp izca/kdh; inksa
ij gS vkSj 70 Qhlnh efgyk,a xjhc
rFkk vui< yksxks esa vkrh gSA
yksdra= dks etcwr djus esa Hkh
efgyk,a viuk nkf;Ro fuHkk jgh gSA
iq:"kks ds eqdkcys esa efgykvksa }kjk
jktLFkku esa 75-21 izfr’kr ernku
fd;k ogh fnYyh esa 65-48 o
e/;izns’k esa efgykvks us 69-25
izfr’kr ernku dj viuh Hkkxhnkjh
fn[kkbZA

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Women Empowerment- Overview ( Hindia)

  • 2. Lkgdkjh izca/k laLFkku] Hkksiky bZ&8@77] f=yaxk jksM ]’kkgiqjk Qksu ua- 0755&2725477@4034733 QSDl % 0755&4034733 E-mail : icmbpl@gmail.com Website : icmbpl.nic.in Facebook - icmbhopal
  • 3. lgdkjh izcU/k laLFkku] Hkksiky dk ,d laf{kIr ifjp; lgdkjh izcU/k laLFkku Hkksiky dh ladYiuk jk"Vª ds lgdkjh vkUnksyu esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl gsrq izeq[k ckSf?nd #i ls dh xbZ gSA ;g laLFkku e-iz- ,oa N-xesa 1956 ls izca/kdh; fodkl gsrq f’k{k.k] izf’k{k.k ,oa 'kks/k ijke’kZ vkfn lsok;sa iznku dj jgk gS A Hkkjr ljdkj o Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; lgdkjh la?k }kjk xfBr jk"Vªh; lgdkjh izf’k{k.k ifj"kn ] ubZ fnYyh ds varxZr bldks ’kr izfr’kr iks"k.k izkIr gS A ifj"kn ds fu;ekuqlkj laLFkku dk =Sekfld vkWfMV lh-,- ls djk;k tkrk gSA laLFkku dk izeq[k mn~ns’; lgdkjh {ks=ksa esa izca/kdksa dh iz’kklfud n{krk ,oa fu.kZ; dkS’ky esa o`f} djuk gSA l
  • 4. •laLFkku Onkjk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij vk;ksftr dk;Zdze  us’kuy ,xzhdYpkjy cSafdx #jy MoyiesUV] (ukckMZ ) eqEcbZ A  QkjoMZ ekdsZV deh’ku eqEcbZ A  Uks’kuy bULVhV~;wV QkWj ,xzhdYpjy ekdsZV (fu;ke) t;iqj ]  us’kuy cSdoMZ Dyklsal] Qk;usal ,.M MsoyiesaV dkjiksjs’ku] ubZ fnYyh] cMZ y[kuÅ]  os;jgkmlsl MoyiesUV jsxwjs’ku vkWFksfjVh (MCY;w-Mh-vkj-,-) ubZfnYyh A  Mk;jsDVj tujy vkWQ jhlsVyesUV] fefuLV~zh vkWQ fMQsUl] ubZfnYyh ds fy;s izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze dk vk;kstu fd;k
  • 5. e-iz- Lrj ij laLFkku esa ys[kkdau] izcU/k] ekdsZfVax ] lka[;dh ]usr`Ro fodkl ]fof/k] lgdkfjrk ] lwpuk dk vf/kdkj] vads{k.k ] lgdkfjrk foHkkx] e-iz ikB~; iqLrd fuxe ] foi.ku la?k] miHkksDrk la?k] nqX/k la?k ] visDl cSad] y?kq ouksit la?k] ukxfjd lgdkjh cSad ] ftyk lgdkjh cSad ] ftyk lgdkjh d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad] eRL; lgdkjh la?k] vk;-lh-Mh-ih-] vuqlwfpr tkfr foRr fodkl fuxe] lh-MCY;w lh gkFkdj|k foHkkx rFkk vU; dbZ jkT; Lrjh; izeq[k fuxe] ,oa e.Myksa gsrq Hkh izf’k{k.k dk;Zdze dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSa A
  • 6. laLFkku ds lalk/ku • laLFkku esa viuk fo’ks"k vk/kqfud okrkuqdwfyr dEI;wVj ysc gS A ftlesa yxHkx 50 dEI;wVj gS A lHkh dEI;wVj bUVjusV o ysu ds ek/;e ls tqMs gq, gS A • laLFkku esa ,d fo’kky iqLrdky; gS ftlesa yxHkx 15 gtkj ls vf/kd iqLrdsa 50 ls vf/kd nSfud lkIrkfgd] ikf{kd ekfld lekpkj i= if=dk;sa vkrh gSa A • laLFkku ds ikl vU; lk/kuksa esa okrkdqfyr dkUQlZ gkWy] vR;k/kqfud Dykl#e dyj Vh-oh- ekbZd flLVe] izf’k{k.k dks izHkkoh cukus gsrq izkstsDVj] ,y-lh-Mh- ysiVkWi vkfn dh vk/kqfud lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k gSa • laLFkku }kjk ns’k esa vU; LFkkuksa ls fo’ks"kKksa ds O;k[;ku dk ykHk ysus gsrq ohfM;ks dkUQszflax dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks laLFkku esa LFkkfir gS A
  • 7. efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dk vk’k; efgykvksa dks vk/;kfRed] jktuhfrd] eukslkekftd] 'kS{kf.kd] vkfFkZd o O;ogkfjd :i ls l’kDr djuk gSA bl izdkj efgyk l’kfDrdj.k ds }kjk ekuo fodkl dh o`f) dh lajpuk lqn`< gksrh gSSA bldk efgykvksa dks 'kkjhfjd ] ekufld rFkk euksoSKkfud :i ls lkdkjkRed vkSj O;ogkdfjd izHkko muds thou ij iMrk gS] vkSj efgyk,a T;knk vkRefo’okl ds lkFk viuk thou fuokZg dj ldrh gSA ;fn vki ,d iq:"k dks f’kf{kr djrs gS rks ek= og iq:"k f’kf{kr gksrk gS ijUrq ,d efgyk dks f’kf{kr djrs gS rks ih<h nj ih<h f’kf{kr gks tkrh gSA
  • 8. efgyk l’kfDrdj.k ds mn~ns’; 1- efgykvksa dks mUur] fodflr ,oa l’kDr djuk gSA 2- efgykvks ds fodkl ds fy, okrkoj.k rS;kj djukA 3- lekt ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa iq:"k ds lkFk lkE;rk ds vk/kkj ij ekSfyd Lora=rk ,oa ekuokf/kdkj dks iznku djukA 4- jk"Vª ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd]jktfufrd {ks= esa Hkkxhnkj cukukA 5- LokLF;] f’k{kk] dSfj;j] ikfjJfed {ks= esa efgykvksa ds leku igqap cukukA 6- efgykvks ds izfr lHkh HksnHkko lekIr djrs gq, lqj{kk iznku djukA
  • 9. efgyk l’kfDrdj.k ds fl}kUr • ySafxd lekurk ds fy, mPp Lrj ij izR;sd {ks= esa efgyk usr`Ro dh LFkkiukA • Ekfgyk o iq#"k dks fyax vk/kkfjr xSj HksnHkko ds lEeku o ekuo vf/kdkj dks gsrq lg;ksx iznku djukA • efgyk vkSj iq#"k Jfedksa ds LokLF; ] lqj{kk vkSj Hkfo"; dh xkjaVh A • Ekfgykvksa ds fy, f’k{kk] izf’k{k.k vkSj O;kolkf;d fodkl dks o<kok nsuk A
  • 10. efgyk l’kfDrdj.k dh i`"BHkwfe • Hkkjr us ,d desVh LVsVl vkWQ oweu bu bafM;k dh LFkkiuk dj 1974 esa fjiksVZ la;qDr jk"Vª dks nhA • la;qDr jk"Vª us igyh ckj 1975 esa efgyk o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;kA • Hkkjr dh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 1974&78 esa efgykvksa ds izfr ldkjkRed fodkl dh ;kstukvksa dks fdz;kfUor fd;k x;kA • 11 oha iapo"khZ; ;sktuk esa 1 vizSy 2007 31 ekpZ 2012 esa xzkeh.k efgykvksa dh 'kfDr laiUurk dks ysdj ;kstuvk,a pykbZ xbZA • Hkkjr us 2001 dks efgyk l’kfDrdj.k o"kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ftlesa efgyk Lo;afl)k ;kstuk ds varxZr Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dk xBu fd;k x;kA • 1963 esa jk"Vªh; efgyk dks"k dk xBu fd;k x;kA • efgykvksa dks izf’k{k.k o jkstxkj gsrq dk;Zdze LVsi 2009 izkajHk fd;kA • efgyk l’kfDrdj.k gsrq 9 ekpZ 2010 dks vrajkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol euk;k x;k A
  • 11. efgykvksa dk vkfFkZd l’kfDrdj.k • Xkjhch mUewyu uhfr fu/kkZj.k & lkekftd ifjis{; vkfFkZd uhfr;ka vkSj xjhch mUewyu dk;Zdze esa efgykvksa dh leL;kvkasa dk fujkdj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A • efgyvks dh l{kerk esa o`f) dh tkuh pkfg,aA • vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodYi miyC/k djok;s tkuk pkfg,A • m|ferk dk fodkl & Lo;a dk jkstxkj ;k lewg esa jkstxkj miyC/k djok;k tkuk pkfg,A • ekbØks ØsfMV & lw{e foRrh; laLFkk LFkkfir dh tkuk pkfg,] _.k rd efgykvksa dh igqWp vklku dh tkuh pkfg,A • foRrh; lek;kstu & foRrh; lek;kstu ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks l’kDr ouk;k tk ldrk gSA
  • 12. • Ekfgykvksa dk d`f"k }kjk l’kfDrdj.k & d`f"k {ks= esa efgykvks dks e`nk laj}k.k lkekftd okfudh] Ms;jh fodkl] ckxokuh] y?qk i'kqikyu] eqxhZ ikyu] eRL; ikyu vkfn esa izf’k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,A • Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o m|ksx & bysDVªkfuDl lwpuk] [kk| izlaLdj.k] d`f"k m|ksx] oL= m|ksx] vkfn esa efgykvksa dh fo’ks"k Hkwfedk jgrh gS vr% efgykvksa dks O;kid lgk;rk nh tkuk pkfg,A • Lo lgk;rk lewg & lekt dh xjhc oxksZ dh efgykvksa ds fy, vkfFkZd onyko ds fy, Lo lgk;rk lewg ,d vk/kkj LrEHk gS A
  • 13. Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k gsrq Lkkekftd cnyko • f’k{kk & f’k{kk ds fcuk efgyk l’kDrdj.k iwjk ugh gks ldrk] f’k{kk dk izlkj xjhch js[kk ls uhps rd dh efgykvksa esa Hkh gksuk pkfg,A iajkijxr f’k{kk Hkh nh tkuk pkfg,aA • LokLF; & efgykvksa ds thou dky esa dqiks"k.k o chekjh dk [krjk jgrk gSA muds thoupdz esa iks"k.k laca/kh vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A • LoPN is;ty o LoPNRrk & xzkeh.k o 'kgjh xjhc cfLr;ksa esa LoPN is;ty] 'kkSpky; vkfn dh lqfo/kkvksa ij fo’ks"k /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A • vkokl & xzkeh.k o 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa vkokl uhfr dk ikyu xjhch js[kk dks ns[kdj ds Hkh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
  • 14. • fu.kZ; {kerk & efgykvksa ds }kjk vius dk;Z{ks= esa fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk dk fodkl fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ftlds fy, ljdkj us 73 osa 74 osa lafo/kku la’kks/ku }kjk efgykvks ds fy, iapk;rh jkt o uxjikfydk ds pquko esa 33 izfr’kr lhVksa dks vkj{k.k iznku fd;k gSA ftlls muds fu.kZ; {kerk esa o`f) gqbZ gSA lgdkjh vf/kfu;e 1960 esa 97 osa la’kks/ku ds vuq:i lapkyd eaMy esa nks in efgykvksa ds fy, vkjf{kr fd;s x;s gSA
  • 15. Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o laoS/kkfud izko/kku • vuqPNsn 14 lerk dk vf/kdkj A • vuqPNsn 15 ¼3½ efgykvksa o cPpksa ds fy, fo’ks"k lqfo/kk • vuqPNsn 16 ukSdjh esa lekurk A • vuqPNsn 19 leku vfHkO;fDr A • vuqPNsn 21 izk.k o nSfgd LokrU=rk A
  • 16. • vuqPNsn 23&24 ukjh dz; izFkk ij jksd • vuqPNsn 243 ¼4½ iapk;rh laLFkkvksa ds pquko esa 33 vkj{k.k ¼73 o 74 lafo/kku • vuqPNsn 330 yksdlHkk esa ¼84 lafo/kku la’kks/ku½ fodz; o csxkj jkt o uxjh; izfr’kr efgyk la’kks/ku½ efgyk vkj{k.k
  • 17. jkT; ds uhfr funs’kd rRoksa esa efgyk l’kfDrdj.k vuqPNsn 39 jkT; dk ;g drZO; gS fd & 1 iq#"k o L=h lHkh dks thfodk ds Ik;kZIr lk/ku izkIr djus dk volj iznku djs A 2 iq#"k o L=h dks leku dk;Z ds fy, leku osru dk izko/kku djs A
  • 18. Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o vU; dkuwu • Ckkxku Je vf/kfu;e 1951 & efgyk deZdkj dks vius cPpksa dks nw/k fiykus ds fy, fo’ks"k vodk’k • deZpkjh jkT; chek fofue; vf/kfu;e 1952 & izlwrh ykHk dh nok fpfdRlh; izek.ki= dh frfFk ls ykxw A • [kku vf/kfu;e 1952 & Hkwfexr [kknkuksa esaefgykvksa ds fu;kstu ij jksd A • chMh deZdkj vf/kfu;e 1966 & efgyk deZdkjksa ds fu/kkZfjr lhek esa gksus ij f’k’kqlnu dh O;oLFkk A
  • 19. • cky fookg fu"k/k vf/kfu;e 1979 & de mez dh ckfydkvksa o efgykvksa dh 'kknh ij ikcanhA • L=h vf’k"V fu:i.k fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e 1986 & efgykvksa ds v’yhy izn’kZu ij izfrca/kA • oS’;ko`fr fuokj.k vf/kfu;e 1986 & • ngst vf/kfu;e 1987 & • lrh fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e 1987 • izlo iwoZ fyax tkWp fu"ks/k vf/kfu;e 1994& • efgyk ;kSumRihMu vf/kfu;e 2005 • fgUnw mRrkf/kdkj la’kks/ku vf/kfu;e 2005& /kkjk 6 firk dh laifRr esa iq= ds leku iq=h dk vf/kdkjA • vU; dkuwu & lwpuk dk vf/kdkj 2005 & efgyk,a Hkh lwpuk izkfIr gsrq leku vf/kdkj j[krh gSA
  • 20. Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk 1860 ds vraxZr efgyk lqj{kk dkuwu & • 'khyHkax & /kkjk 376 vkbZihlh • vigj.k &/kkjk 363 ls 373 vkbZihlh • ngst gR;k &/kkjk 302@304 vkbZihlh • mRihMu & /kkjk 458 vkbZihlh • NsMNkM & /kkjk 458 vkbZihlh
  • 21. efgykvksa gsrq dkuwuh lgk;rk ftyk U;k;ky;ksa o mPp U;k;ky;ksa es xjhc efgykvksa gsrq fu%’kqYd fof/kd ijke’kZ] lgk;rk ds izko/kku gSA iSjkyhxy Dyhfud ds ek/;e ls Hkh efgykvksa dks dkuwuh lgk;rk izkIr gksrh gSA
  • 22. jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx • jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1990 esa dh xbZ efgyk ,oa ckyfodkl dY;k.k ea=ky; ds v/khu dh xbZA • efgyk vk;ksx efgykvksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, dke djrk gSA • Efgyk vk;ksx efgykvksa dh leL;k ls lacaf/kr efgyk vR;kpkj ;k HksnHkko ds f[kykQ tkWp djrk gSA • efgykvksa dks dkuwuh lykg nsuk o vf/kdkjksa dh tkudkjh rFkk mi;ksx djus dh {kerk esa lg;ksx djukA • ns'k esa fofHkUu ikfjokfjd yksd vnkyrksa dk vk;kstu djds U;k; lqfo/k iznku djukA • lafo/kku rFkk ekStwnk dkuwu esa u;s izko/kku rFkk iqjkus dkuwuksa esa [kkfe;ksa dh fjiksVZ ljdkj dks nsrk gSA • Lak?k o jk+T; esa efgykvksa dh izxfr ds fodkl dk ewY;kadu dj tulquokbZ djrk gSA
  • 23. efgyk l’kfDrdj.k esa ck/kd rRo • ?kj ls ckgj dk;Z djus dh fLFkfr esa nksgjs nkf;Ro dk fuokZg djus dh ck/;rkA • iztuu dk;Z o f’k’kqikyu dk ,dkadh nkf;RoA • f'k{kk dk U;wure LrjA • dke ds lanHkZ esa vi;kZIr izf’k{k.kA • ckgjh thou esa i;kZIr vr% fØ;k dk vHkkoA
  • 24. • efgyk l’kfDrdj.k o`f) gsrq lq>ko • • • • f'k{kk dk izlkj fd;k tk;sA yksdrkaf=d izfdz;k esa mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ tk;s A jkstxkj rFkk izf’k{k.k volj c<k;s tk;s A laxksf"B rFkk izpkj ds vU; lk/kuksa }kjk tkx:d fd;k tk;sA • vkfFkZd {kerk c<kus gsrq iz;kl fd;s tk;sA • Izkfrfuf?kRo {kerk]fu.kZ; {kerk esa l{ke cuk;k tk;sA • Lo;a dh {kerkvksa ds iw.kZ fodkl dk efgykvksa dks vf/kdkj izkIr gksA
  • 25. Ekfgykvkssa dks l’kDr vkSj l{ke cukus gsrq dsUnz ljdkj dh ;kstuk;sa • Mokdjk ;kstuk &1982&f’k{kk LokLF; iks"kkgkj laca/kh ;kstuk • U;wekWMy pj[kk ;kstuk&1987&jkstxkj laca/kh ;kstuk • ekr` f’k’kq LokLF; ;kstuk 1992&e`R;q nj ij jksd laca/kh • efgyk le`f} ;kstuk 1993 & cpr laca/kh • jk"Vªh; efgyk dks"k ;kstuk 1993&xjhc efgykvksa dks _.k miyC/k laca/kh
  • 26. • jk"Vªh; efgyk fodkl ;kstuk 1996 &xzkeh.k efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh esa o`f} djuk A • jktjkts’ojh chek ;kstuk 1997 & xjhc efgykvksa dks fodykaxrk laca/kh vkfFkZd lgk;rk A • Ckkfydk le`f} ;kstuk 1997 & ckfydk dh ekW dks iksf"Vd vkgkj laca/kh A • Ekfgyk lq’kfDr ;kstuk 1998 & Lo lgk;rk lewg ds ek/;e ls l’kDr cukuk A • fd'kksjh ’kfDr ;kstuk 2000 & LokLF; ,oa iks"k.k laca/kh ;kstuk • Ekfgyk l’kfDrdj.k o"kZ 2001 • tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk 2005 & blds ek/;e ls izlo lqfo/kk miyC/k djkdj ekr` e`R;q nj vkSj f’k’kq e`R;q nj esa deh ykus dh dksf’k’k dh xbZ A • jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk 2008 & blesa xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds fy, jkstxkj esa 33 izfr’kr vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ A
  • 27. Ekfgykvkssa dks l’kDr vkSj l{ke cukus gsrq izns’k ljdkj dh ;kstuk;sa • ykMyh y{eh ;kstuk • dU;knku ;kstuk • lqLokxre y{eh ;kstuk
  • 28. Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k esa 52 izfr’kr fgLlsnkjh okyh efgyk dk thou cgqr dfBu ,oa ;krukiw.kZ cu dj jg x;k gSA vkadMksa esa ;fn ;g fLFkfr ns[kh tk;s rks izR;sd 1000 iq:"kksa ij 933 efgyk,a gSA ftudk 'kS{kf.kd fodkl izfr’kr ek= 54-16 gSA Hkkjrh; laln esa ;g 10 izfr’kr Hkh ugh gSA iz’kkldh; izca/kdh; o O;kolkf;d inksa ij ek= 2-3 izfr’kr rFkk vU; rduhdh {ks=ksa esa ek= 20 izfr’kr izfrfuf/kRo gh gSA efgyk lk{kjrk nj 2011 ds vkdMksa ds vuqlkj yxHkx 65 izfr’kr c<h gSA vkSj os ns’k essa 'kh"kZ inksa ij dk;Z dj jgh gSA
  • 30. ns'kHkj esa dkedkth efgykvksa dh fLFkfr jk"Vªh; Lrj ij & 25 izfr’kr 'kgjh Lrj ij & 15 izfr’kr xzkeh.k Lrj ij & 30 izfr’kr
  • 31. nqfu;k esa fd, dke ds ?akVksa esa 60 Qhlnh ls vf/kd ;ksxnku efgyk,a djrh gS] ysfdu mUgsa nqfu;k dh vk; dk egt 10 Qhlnh gkfly gksrk gS vkSj os dsoy 1 Qhlnh laifRr dh ekfyd gS] ;gh ugh] iwjs fo’o esa dsoy 15 Qhlnh efgyk,a mPp izca/kdh; inksa ij gS vkSj 70 Qhlnh efgyk,a xjhc rFkk vui< yksxks esa vkrh gSA
  • 32. yksdra= dks etcwr djus esa Hkh efgyk,a viuk nkf;Ro fuHkk jgh gSA iq:"kks ds eqdkcys esa efgykvksa }kjk jktLFkku esa 75-21 izfr’kr ernku fd;k ogh fnYyh esa 65-48 o e/;izns’k esa efgykvks us 69-25 izfr’kr ernku dj viuh Hkkxhnkjh fn[kkbZA